Shloka 43

Devanagari script

गौतम: पुनराचार्यों धृष्टद्युम्मनमयोधयत्‌

Transliteration

gautamaḥ punar ācāryo dhṛṣṭadyumnam ayodhayat

Translation

Disse Sañjaya: Então Gautama, o venerável mestre, voltou a engajar Dhṛṣṭadyumna em combate. A cena ressalta que, no caos da guerra, até os anciãos respeitados são compelidos pelo dever a tomar armas e enfrentar, sem hesitação, adversários formidáveis.

Word by Word

• गौतमः: Gautama
• गौतमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गौतम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• आचार्यः: the teacher (Drona)
• आचार्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आचार्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अयोधयत्: made (him) fight; fought (against)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Causative (ṇic)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Gautama
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharma as steadfast performance of one’s role: even an ācārya (revered elder) must act decisively in war when duty demands, setting aside personal hesitation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Gautama, described as an ācārya, again took up combat and fought directly with Dhṛṣṭadyumna, indicating a renewed clash between the two on the battlefield.