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Shloka 19

Śalya–Bhīma Gadā-saṃnipāta and Śalya’s Bāṇa-jāla against Yudhiṣṭhira

Book 9, Chapter 11

ततस्तद्‌ युद्धमत्युग्रमभवत्‌ सहचारिणाम्‌ | तथा सर्वाण्यनीकानि संनिपत्य जनाधिप

tatas tad yuddham atyugram abhavat sahacāriṇām | tathā sarvāṇy anīkāni saṁnipatya janādhipa ||

Disse Sañjaya: Então aquela batalha entre os aliados tornou-se extremamente feroz. Do mesmo modo, ó rei, todas as divisões dos exércitos, ao se fecharem umas contra as outras, chocaram-se num único e tumultuoso combate.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from/then')
तत्that (battle/that event)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
अति-उग्रम्exceedingly fierce
अति-उग्रम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअति + उग्र
FormNeuter, nominative, singular (agreeing with युद्धम्)
अभवत्became/was
अभवत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (लङ्), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
सहचारिणाम्of the companions/allies
सहचारिणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसहचारिन्
FormMasculine, genitive, plural
तथाand likewise/also
तथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
FormAvyaya
सर्वाणिall
सर्वाणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, nominative, plural (agreeing with अनीकानि)
अनीकानिarmies/divisions
अनीकानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormNeuter, nominative, plural
संनिपत्यhaving come together/after assembling
संनिपत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + नि + पत्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable gerund
जनाधिपO king (lord of men)
जनाधिप:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootजन + अधिप
FormMasculine, vocative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
J
Janadhipa (the king, i.e., Dhritarashtra)
A
army divisions (anīkāni)
B
battle (yuddha)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how collective allegiance and kṣatriya duty intensify warfare: once armies converge, personal restraint yields to the momentum of mass conflict, highlighting the ethical gravity of decisions that lead to war.

Sanjaya reports to the king that the fighting has become extremely fierce, with all the army divisions pressing together and clashing at once, marking a heightened phase of the battle.