Shloka 9

अध्याय १ — न्यग्रोधवनोपवेशनम् तथा द्रौणिनिश्चयः

Night at the Banyan and Drauṇi’s Resolve

Devanagari script

न दिष्टमभ्यतिक्रान्तुं शक्‍्यं गावल्गणे नरै: । यत्‌ समेत्य रणे पार्थ: पुत्रो मम निपातित:,गवल्गणकुमार! कुन्तीके पुत्रोंने मिलकर रणभूमिमें जो मेरे पुत्रको धराशायी कर दिया है, इससे जान पड़ता है कि कोई भी मनुष्य दैवके विधानका उल्लंघन नहीं कर सकता

Transliteration

na diṣṭam abhyatikrāntuṁ śakyaṁ gāvalgaṇe naraiḥ | yat sametya raṇe pārthaḥ putro mama nipātitaḥ ||

Translation

Dhṛtarāṣṭra disse: “Ó filho de Gāvalgaṇa! Nenhum homem pode transpor o que foi ordenado pelo destino. Pois quando os filhos de Kuntī se uniram na batalha, Arjuna derrubou meu filho—mostrando que o decreto da sorte não pode ser violado.”

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• दिष्टम्: destiny; what is ordained
• दिष्टम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिष्ट
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• अभ्यतिक्रान्तुम्: to overstep; to transgress
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-√अति-क्रम्
• Form: infinitive (tumun)

• शक्यम्: possible
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शक्य
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• गावल्गणे: O Gāvalgaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गावल्गण
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• नरैः: by men; by humans
• नरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

• यत्: since; because (that)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• समेत्य: having come together; having assembled
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-√इ
• Form: absolutive (ktvā/lyap)

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: neuter, locative, singular

• पार्थः: Pārtha (Arjuna)
• पार्थः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• मम: of me; my
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: genitive, singular

• निपातितः: was felled; was slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-√पत्
• Form: past passive participle (kta), masculine, nominative, singular

• गवल्गणकुमार: O son of Gavalgaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गवल्गण-कुमार
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• कुन्तीके: of Kuntī
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुन्ती
• Form: feminine, genitive, singular

• पुत्रैः: by the sons
• पुत्रैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

• मिलकर: together (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मिल्

• रणभूमिमें: in the battlefield (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: रणभूमि

• जो: who/which (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: जो

• मेरे: my (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मैं

• पुत्रको: son (object-marker) (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुत्र

• धराशायी: fallen to the ground (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धरा-शायी

• कर: having done (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कृ

• दिया: gave/did (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दा

• है: is (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अस्

• इससे: from this (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यह

• जान: know (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: जान्

• पड़ता: seems (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पड़्

• है: is (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अस्

• कि: that (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कि

• कोई: any (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कोई

• भी: even/also (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भी

• मनुष्य: human (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य

• दैवके: of fate/divine (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैव

• विधानका: ordinance/rule (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधान

• उल्लंघन: transgression (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उल्लङ्घन

• नहीं: not (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नहीं

• कर: do (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कृ

• सकता: can (Hindi gloss)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: शक्

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Gāvalgaṇa
• Pārtha (Arjuna)
• Kuntī
• Kuntī’s sons (Pāṇḍavas)
• Sañjaya’s ‘my son’ (contextually Duryodhana)
• battlefield (raṇa)