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Shloka 11

याज्ञसेनी-प्रश्नः

Draupadī’s Question in the Assembly

त्यजेत्‌ कुलार्थ पुरुषं ग्रामस्यार्थे कुलं त्यजेत्‌ । ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थ आत्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत्‌

tyajet kulārthaṁ puruṣaṁ grāmasyārthe kulaṁ tyajet | grāmaṁ janapadasyārtha ātmārthe pṛthivīṁ tyajet ||

Vidura ensina uma ética graduada de sacrifício pelo bem maior: pelo bem-estar de toda uma família pode-se abrir mão de um único indivíduo; pelo bem-estar de uma aldeia pode-se renunciar a uma família; pelo bem-estar de um reino pode-se abandonar uma aldeia; e pelo bem espiritual supremo de si mesmo — a libertação da alma — deve-se estar pronto a renunciar até mesmo a toda a terra.

त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormVidhi-ling (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
कुलार्थेfor the sake of the family
कुलार्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुलार्थ
Formmasculine, locative, singular
पुरुषम्a man/person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
ग्रामस्यof the village
ग्रामस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
अर्थेfor the sake (in the interest)
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
Formmasculine, locative, singular
कुलम्family/clan
कुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
Formneuter, accusative, singular
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormVidhi-ling (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
ग्रामम्village
ग्रामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
जनपदस्यof the country/realm
जनपदस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
अर्थेfor the sake (in the interest)
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
Formmasculine, locative, singular
आत्मार्थेfor one's own sake (for the self)
आत्मार्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मार्थ
Formmasculine, locative, singular
पृथिवीम्the earth
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormVidhi-ling (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
kula (family/lineage)
G
grāma (village)
J
janapada (realm/country)
P
pṛthivī (earth)

Educational Q&A

A hierarchy of values: protect the larger collective over the smaller (individual < family < village < realm), but place the soul’s highest good above all worldly holdings—even sovereignty over the earth.

In the Sabha Parva’s counsel-setting, Vidura speaks as a moral advisor, offering niti (statecraft-ethics) that guides rulers and households on when hard renunciations are justified for public welfare and for ultimate spiritual aims.