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Shloka 28

Śiśupāla-vākya: Bhīṣma-nindā and the ‘Haṃsa’ Exemplum (शिशुपालवाक्यम् — भीष्मनिन्दा, हंसदृष्टान्तः)

नक्षत्राणां मुखं चन्द्र आदित्यस्तेजसां मुखम्‌ । पर्वतानां मुखं मेरुर्गरुड: पततां मुखम्‌,सूर्य, चन्द्रमा, नक्षत्र, ग्रह, दिशा और विदिशा सब उन्हींमें स्थित हैं। जैसे वेदोंमें अनिनिहोत्रकर्म, हन्‍्दोंमें गायत्री, मनुष्योंमें राजा, नदियों (जलाशयों)-में समुद्र, नक्षत्रोंमें चन्द्रमा, तेजोमय पदार्थोंमें सूर्य, पर्वतोंमें मेरु और पक्षियोंमें गरुड श्रेष्ठ हैं, उसी प्रकार देवलोकसहित सम्पूर्ण लोकोंमें ऊपर-नीचे, दायें-बायें, जितने भी जगत्‌के आश्रय हैं, उन सबमें भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्ण ही श्रेष्ठ हैं

nakṣatrāṇāṁ mukhaṁ candra ādityas tejasāṁ mukham | parvatānāṁ mukhaṁ merur garuḍaḥ patatāṁ mukham ||

Bhīṣma disse: “Entre as estrelas, a Lua é a primeira; entre os seres luminosos, o Sol é o primeiro. Entre as montanhas, Meru é o primeiro; entre os que voam, Garuḍa é o primeiro.” Por essa cadeia de exemplos, ele ressalta um princípio moral: em cada classe de seres há um cume reconhecido; e do mesmo modo, através de todos os mundos e de todos os suportes do cosmos, o Senhor Supremo (identificado aqui, no contexto, como Śrī Kṛṣṇa) deve ser tido como o refúgio mais alto e a excelência maior.

नक्षत्राणाम्of the stars/constellations
नक्षत्राणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मुखम्chief; foremost; face
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चन्द्रःthe Moon
चन्द्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आदित्यःthe Sun
आदित्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेजसाम्of luminous things/energies
तेजसाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मुखम्chief; foremost
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पर्वतानाम्of mountains
पर्वतानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मुखम्chief; foremost
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मेरुःMount Meru
मेरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमेरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गरुडःGaruḍa
गरुडः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगरुड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पतताम्of the flying ones (birds)
पतताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपतत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
मुखम्chief; foremost
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
C
Candra (Moon)
Ā
Āditya (Sun)
M
Meru
G
Garuḍa
N
Nakṣatra (stars/lunar mansions)
P
Parvata (mountains)
P
Patat (flying beings/birds)
T
Tejas (radiance)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches by analogy: just as each domain has an acknowledged ‘foremost’ (Moon among stars, Sun among luminous powers, Meru among mountains, Garuḍa among birds), so too the Supreme Lord is the ultimate pre-eminent refuge and standard of excellence across all realms.

In the Sabha Parva context, Bhīṣma is speaking in a didactic, laudatory mode, using well-known cosmic hierarchies to support a broader claim made in the surrounding passage: that Śrī Kṛṣṇa is supreme among all supports of the worlds.