Shloka 82

Devanagari script

अथाग्रयबाणैर्दशभिर्धनंजयं पराभिनद्‌ द्रोणसुतो<च्युतं त्रिभि: | चतुर्भिरश्वां श्षतुरः कपिं ततः शरैश्व॒ नाराचवरैरवाकिरत्‌

Transliteration

athāgrayabāṇair daśabhir dhanaṃjayaṃ parābhinad droṇasuto 'cyutaṃ tribhiḥ | caturbhir aśvāṃś caturaḥ kapiṃ tataḥ śaraiś ca nārācavarair avākirat ||

Translation

Então o filho de Droṇa (Aśvatthāman) atingiu Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) com dez flechas de ponta afiada como lâmina, e Acyuta (Kṛṣṇa) com três. Com mais quatro feriu os quatro cavalos; e, em seguida, cobriu de saraivadas de flechas e de nārācas escolhidos o macaco no topo do estandarte (Hanumān no pendão de Arjuna). A cena realça a ferocidade crescente da guerra: até o cocheiro e os próprios emblemas de proteção e retidão são tomados por alvo, revelando como a ira e a vingança podem levar os combatentes além dos freios habituais.

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• अग्र्य-बाणैः: with excellent arrows
• अग्र्य-बाणैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्र्य-बाण
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• दशभिः: with ten
• दशभिः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दशन्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• धनंजयम्: Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
• धनंजयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनंजय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पराभिनत्: struck/afflicted
• Type: Verb
• Root: पराभि-नद्
• Form: Aorist, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

• द्रोण-सुतः: Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāman)
• द्रोण-सुतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण-सुत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अच्युतम्: Acyuta (Kṛṣṇa)
• अच्युतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अच्युत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• त्रिभिः: with three
• त्रिभिः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• चतुर्भिः: with four
• चतुर्भिः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अश्वान्: horses
• अश्वान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• श्वेतान्: white
• श्वेतान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वेत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• कपिम्: the monkey (Hanumān on the banner)
• कपिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ततः: then/from there
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• शरैः: with arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• नाराच-वरैः: with excellent iron arrows (nārācas)
• नाराच-वरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाराच-वर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• अवाकिरत्: showered/scattered down
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-किॄ
• Form: Imperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

कर्ण उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Karna
• Aśvatthāman (Droṇasuta)
• Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)
• Kṛṣṇa (Acyuta)
• Arjuna’s four horses
• Hanumān (kapi on Arjuna’s banner)
• arrows (bāṇa, śara, nārāca)
• Arjuna’s chariot/banner (implied by kapi on the standard)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger and retaliatory zeal in war can intensify to the point that even the charioteer and sacred emblems (like Hanumān on the standard) become targets. It invites reflection on restraint (saṃyama) and the ethical limits of combat, even within kṣatriya-dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa, launches a fierce attack: he pierces Arjuna with ten arrows, strikes Kṛṣṇa with three, wounds the four horses with four, and then showers the monkey emblem atop Arjuna’s banner (Hanumān) with arrows and powerful nārācas.