Shloka 31

दुःशासनवधः (Duḥśāsana-vadha) — Bhīma’s vow-fulfillment in combat

Devanagari script

अक्रोशन्त तत: सर्वे धार्तराष्ट्रा: सराजका:

Transliteration

akrośanta tataḥ sarve dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ sa-rājakāḥ

Translation

Disse Sañjaya: Então todos os filhos de Dhṛtarāṣṭra —junto com o seu rei— começaram a bradar com ira e reprovação. O verso capta o colapso moral que muitas vezes se segue ao orgulho e ao medo na guerra: quando os acontecimentos se tornam adversos, surgem palavras duras e acusações, em vez de contenção e discernimento.

Word by Word

• अक्रोशन्त: shouted/abused
• अक्रोशन्त: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रुश्
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपदम्, 3, Plural

• ततः: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्)

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• धार्तराष्ट्राः: the Dhārtarāṣṭras (sons/party of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• धार्तराष्ट्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सराजकाः: together with their kings
• सराजकाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-राजक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhritarashtra (implied by dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ)
• Kauravas (Dhartarashtras)
• the king of the Kauravas (Duryodhana, implied by sa-rājakāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how unrestrained speech (krośa/akrośa) arises from fear, anger, and wounded pride in conflict. Ethically, it points to the importance of self-control and measured speech, especially in crisis, since abusive outcry often signals loss of dharmic composure.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that the Kaurava side—along with their king—erupts into loud shouting and reproach. It indicates a moment of agitation in the Kaurava camp, typically triggered by a sudden setback or a disturbing turn in the battle.