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Shloka 39

कर्णेन सैन्यस्थापनं तथा नानायुद्धसमवायः

Karna Reforms the Host and Multiple Duels Converge

मदिरापान, गुरुकी शय्याका उपभोग, भ्रूणहत्या और दूसरोंके धनका अपहरण--ये जिनके लिये धर्म हैं, उनके लिये अधर्म नामकी कोई वस्तु है ही नहीं। ऐसे आरट्ट और पंचनददेशके लोगोंको धिक्कार है! ।। एतज्ज्ञात्वा जोषमास्स्व प्रतीपं मा सम वै कृथा: । मा त्वां पूर्वमहं हत्वा हनिष्ये केशवार्जुनौ,यह जानकर तुम चुपचाप बैठे रहो। फिर कोई प्रतिकूल बात मुँहसे न निकालो। अन्यथा पहले तुम्हींको मारकर पीछे श्रीकृष्ण और अर्जुनका वध करूँगा

madirāpānaṁ gurukī-śayyāyā upabhogaḥ bhruṇahatyā ca paradhanāpaharaṇaṁ ca—eteṣāṁ yeṣāṁ dharmāḥ, teṣām adharma-nāmā kaścid artho nāsti. tathāvidhānām ārāṭṭa-pañcanada-deśa-vāsināṁ dhig astu. etaj jñātvā joṣam āsva; pratīpaṁ mā sma vai kṛthāḥ. mā tvāṁ pūrvam ahaṁ hatvā haniṣye keśavārjunau.

Karna declara: para aqueles que tomam por ‘dharma’ a embriaguez, a violação do leito do mestre, o assassinato do nascituro e o roubo da riqueza alheia, não existe coisa alguma chamada ‘adharma’—perderam até o vocabulário moral com que se distingue o certo do errado. E assim ele condena os povos de Ārāṭṭa e da região de Pañcanada como exemplos dessa inversão. Dito isso, ordena ao adversário que permaneça em silêncio e não profira palavra hostil ou contrária; caso contrário, Karna ameaça matá-lo primeiro e, em seguida, abater Kṛṣṇa (Keśava) e Arjuna.

एतत्this (fact)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
जोषम्silence, quiet
जोषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजोष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आस्sit, remain
आस्:
TypeVerb
Rootआस्
Formलोट् (imperative), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वin/at your own (place); quietly (idiomatic with जोषम्)
स्व:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्व
प्रतीपम्hostile, adverse (speech/act)
प्रतीपम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतीप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
Formprohibitive particle
समtogether; fully; (in sense) at all
सम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
Formpreverb/adverb (with कृ)
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
कृथा:do, make, utter (here: do not do/say)
कृथा::
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formलोट् (imperative), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
माlest; do not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
Formprohibitive/negative particle
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
पूर्वम्first, beforehand
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
Formadverb
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
हत्वाhaving slain
हत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
हनिष्येI shall slay
हनिष्ये:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formलृट् (simple future), First, Singular, Ātmanepada
केशव-अर्जुनौKeshava and Arjuna
केशव-अर्जुनौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव + अर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual

कर्ण उवाच

K
Karna
K
Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
A
Arjuna
Ā
Ārāṭṭa
P
Pañcanada-deśa

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a sharp ethical critique: when a community normalizes grave sins as ‘dharma,’ the category of ‘adharma’ collapses for them—moral discernment itself is destroyed. It also shows how moral condemnation is used as a weapon in wartime speech.

In the midst of battle, Karna denounces certain peoples as morally corrupt and then commands his interlocutor to stay silent and not speak antagonistically. He escalates with a threat: if provoked, he will kill that person first and then attempt to kill Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna.