Shloka 49

तपोविशेषैर्विविधैयोंगं यो वेद चात्मन: | यः सांख्यमात्मनो वेत्ति यस्य चात्मा वशे सदा,तप उग्र॑ समास्थाय नियमे परमे स्थिता: । उस समय देवताओंने दैत्योंको परास्त कर दिया था, यह हमारे सुननेमें आया है। राजन! दैत्योंके परास्त हो जानेपर तारकासुरके तीन पुत्र ताराक्ष, कमलाक्ष और विद्युन्माली उग्र तपस्याका आश्रय ले उत्तम नियमोंका पालन करने लगे जो नाना प्रकारकी विशेष तपस्याओंद्वारा मनकी सम्पूर्ण वृत्तियोंके निरोधका उपाय जानते हैं, जिन्हें अपनी ज्ञानस्वरूपताका बोध नित्य बना रहता है, जिनका अन्त:ः:करण सदा अपने वशमें रहता है, जगत्‌में जिनकी कहीं भी तुलना नहीं है, उन निष्पाप, तेजोराशि, महेश्वर भगवान्‌ उमापतिका उन देवताओंने दर्शन किया

tapo-viśeṣair vividhair yogaṃ yo veda cātmanaḥ | yaḥ sāṅkhyam ātmano vetti yasya cātmā vaśe sadā ||

Disse Duryodhana: “Aquele que, por muitas espécies de austeridades singulares, conhece a disciplina do yoga no que toca ao Si; aquele que compreende o Sāṅkhya no que toca ao Si; e aquele cujo ser interior está sempre sob domínio—esse permanece firme em áspera penitência e nas mais altas restrições. Ouvimos que, naquele tempo, os deuses derrotaram os Dānavas. Ó rei! Depois de vencidos os Dānavas, os três filhos de Tārakāsura—Tārākṣa, Kamalākṣa e Vidyunmālī—refugiaram-se em severa penitência e começaram a observar excelentes votos. Conhecendo o meio de conter todos os movimentos da mente por austeridades variadas, sempre despertos para o conhecimento de sua verdadeira natureza e mantendo dominadas as faculdades internas, tornaram-se incomparáveis no mundo. Então, aqueles ascetas sem mancha, radiantes como um feixe de esplendor, foram contemplados pelos deuses na forma de Mahādeva, o Senhor de Umā.”

तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उग्रम्fierce, intense
उग्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समास्थायhaving undertaken, having resorted to
समास्थाय:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-स्था
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund), Non-finite
नियमेin observance/discipline
नियमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परमेsupreme, highest
परमे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थिताःstanding, abiding, remaining
स्थिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तपः-विशेषैःby special austerities
तपः-विशेषैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्-विशेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विविधैःvarious
विविधैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
योगम्yoga (discipline/means of restraint)
योगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormLat (present), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मनःof the self
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सांख्यम्Sāṅkhya (discriminative knowledge)
सांख्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसांख्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof the self
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वेदत्तिknows, understands
वेदत्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormLat (present), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
यस्यwhose
यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्माself, mind (inner self)
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वशेunder control, in subjection
वशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
D
Devas (gods)
D
Daityas/Danavas
T
Tārakāsura
T
Tārākṣa
K
Kamalākṣa
V
Vidyunmālī
M
Mahādeva (Śiva)
U
Umāpati (Śiva as consort of Umā)
U
Umā

Educational Q&A

The verse praises inner mastery: true power and clarity arise from disciplined austerity (tapas), restraint (niyama), and knowledge—both yogic control of mental fluctuations and sāṅkhya-like discriminative understanding of the self. Ethical strength is framed as self-governance rather than mere external dominance.

Duryodhana recounts a mythic episode: after the gods defeat the Daityas/Danavas, Tārakāsura’s three sons undertake severe penance and strict vows, becoming formidable through self-control and spiritual knowledge; the gods then behold Mahādeva (Śiva), Umā’s lord, in connection with this ascetic rise.