Shloka 30
कर्णेन व्यूहविधानम् — Karṇa’s Battle Formation and the Pāṇḍava Counter-Plan
Adhyāya 31
संजय उवाच दुर्योधनवच: श्रुत्वा शल्य: क्रोधसमन्वित: । विशिखां भ्रुकुटिं कृत्वा धुन्वन् हस्तौ पुन: पुन:
sañjaya uvāca duryodhana-vacaḥ śrutvā śalyaḥ krodha-samanvitaḥ | viśikhāṃ bhru-kuṭiṃ kṛtvā dhunvan hastau punaḥ punaḥ ||
Disse Sañjaya: Ó rei, ao ouvir as palavras de Duryodhana, Śalya foi tomado pela ira. Franzindo as sobrancelhas num cenho agudo, como em três dobras, sacudia repetidas vezes as mãos—sinal exterior de uma cólera crescente e de uma resposta dura iminente em meio à tensão moral da guerra.
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how provocative speech can inflame anger and intensify conflict. In the Mahābhārata’s ethical frame, mastery over krodha (wrath) and restraint in speech are crucial, especially in war where a single outburst can worsen adharma and suffering.
Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Śalya, after hearing Duryodhana’s words, becomes visibly enraged—knitting his brows and repeatedly shaking his hands—signaling that he is about to respond sharply or take a decisive stance in the tense wartime exchange.