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Shloka 2

कर्णेन व्यूहविधानम् — Karṇa’s Battle Formation and the Pāṇḍava Counter-Plan

Adhyāya 31

सत्यव्रत महाभाग द्विषतां तापवर्धन | मद्रेश्वर रणे शूर परसैन्यभयंकर

satyavrata mahābhāga dviṣatāṁ tāpavardhana | madreśvara raṇe śūra parasainyabhayaṅkara | vaktṝṇāṁ śreṣṭha! āpne karṇakī bāta sunī hai; usīke anusāra in rājasiṁhoṁ ke bīca meṁ maiṁ svayaṁ āp kā varaṇa kartā hūṁ |

Sañjaya disse: “Ó nobre de votos verdadeiros, aumentador da angústia dos inimigos! Ó senhor de Madra, herói na batalha, terror do exército adversário, o primeiro entre os oradores — ouviste as palavras de Karṇa. De acordo com elas, aqui, entre estes reis semelhantes a leões, eu mesmo te escolho.”

सत्यव्रतO one of true vow
सत्यव्रत:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यव्रत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
महाभागO greatly fortunate one
महाभाग:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाभाग
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
द्विषताम्of the enemies
द्विषताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विषत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
तापवर्धनO increaser of (their) anguish
तापवर्धन:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootतापवर्धन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मद्रेश्वरO lord of Madra
मद्रेश्वर:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शूरO hero/brave one
शूर:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
परसैन्यभयंकरO terrifying to the enemy army
परसैन्यभयंकर:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरसैन्यभयंकर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
मद्रेश्वर/मद्रराज (King of Madra—Śalya)
कर्ण (Karṇa)
राजसिंह (lion-like kings; assembled rulers)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how political-military decisions are framed through honorific praise and public commitment: choosing an ally or leader is presented as a matter of reputation, steadfastness, and the ability to inspire fear in the enemy—ethical authority and martial competence together.

Sañjaya addresses the king of Madra (Śalya) with a string of epithets, noting that he has heard Karṇa’s proposal or words; then, in the presence of assembled kings, Sañjaya declares that he chooses/accepts Śalya in accordance with Karṇa’s plan—signaling a formal alignment in the war context.