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Shloka 12

Adhyāya 17 — गजयुद्ध-वृत्तान्तः, सहदेव-दुःशासन-संघर्षः, नकुल-कर्ण-समागमः

Elephant-battle account; Sahadeva–Duhshasana clash; Nakula–Karna encounter

ततोअरर्जुनं भिन्नकटेन दन्तिना घनाघनेनानिलतुल्यवर्चसा । अतीव चुक्षो भयिषुर्जनार्दनं धनंजयं चाभिजघान तोमरै:

tato 'rjunaṃ bhinnakaṭena dantinā ghanāghanenānilatulyavarcāsā | atīva cukṣo bhayiṣur janārdanaṃ dhanaṃjayaṃ cābhijaghāna tomaraiḥ ||

Sañjaya disse: Então, com um elefante em cio cujas têmporas vertiam icor—escuro como nuvem de chuva e fulgurante, veloz como o vento—ele o impeliu para a frente, desejando lançar Janardana (Krishna) e Dhananjaya (Arjuna) em extremo pavor; e atacou-os com dardos (tomara). A cena evidencia a escalada implacável da guerra, em que o medo é deliberadamente empunhado como arma até contra os mais eminentes guerreiros.

ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formindeclinable (ablatival adverb: 'from/thereafter')
अर्जुनम्Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
भिन्नकटेनwith (one) whose temples are split/oozing (ichor)
भिन्नकटेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootभिन्नकट
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
दन्तिनाby/with the tusked one (elephant)
दन्तिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदन्तिन्
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
घनाघनेनby/with the very dense/massive one
घनाघनेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootघनाघन
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
अनिलतुल्यवर्चसाby/with (one) having splendor/energy like the wind
अनिलतुल्यवर्चसा:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिलतुल्यवर्चस्
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
अतीवexceedingly
अतीव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतीव
Formindeclinable (intensifier)
चुक्षोhe desired/was eager (to do)
चुक्षो:
TypeVerb
Rootचुक्षु
Formperfect (liṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
भयिषुःwishing to frighten; intending to cause fear
भयिषुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभयिषु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
जनार्दनम्Janārdana (Krishna)
जनार्दनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजनार्दन
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
धनंजयम्Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (conjunction)
अभिजघानhe struck/smote
अभिजघान:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formaorist (luṅ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
तोमरैःwith javelins/spears
तोमरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतोमर
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
Arjuna (Dhananjaya)
K
Krishna (Janardana)
R
rutting elephant (dantin)
T
tomara (javelin/spear)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights an ethical reality of warfare: opponents may intentionally generate terror and confusion as a tactic. It implicitly contrasts such fear-inducing aggression with the steadiness expected of exemplary warriors—especially Arjuna and Krishna—who must remain composed amid intimidation.

In the Karna Parva battle narrative, an enemy advances a powerful rutting elephant toward Arjuna and Krishna, aiming to panic them, and simultaneously attacks them with tomara-javelins.