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Shloka 3

धृतराष्ट्रस्य मूर्च्छा तथा द्रोणविषयकप्रश्नाः

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Fainting and Questions Concerning Droṇa

कथं नु पार्षतस्तात शत्रुभिर्दुष्प्रधर्षणम्‌ किरन्तमिषुसंघातान्‌ रुक्मपुड्खाननेकश:

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | kathaṁ nu pārṣatas tāta śatrubhir duṣpradharṣaṇam kirantam iṣusaṅghātān rukmapuṅkhān anekaśaḥ |

Dhṛtarāṣṭra disse: “Como, meu filho, o filho de Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) conseguiu matar Droṇa—invencível aos inimigos—enquanto ele ainda derramava incontáveis saraivadas de flechas de penas douradas? Droṇa era um brâmane-guerreiro disciplinado, firme em seu próprio código, senhor de armas divinas e da ciência das armas, e um poderoso combatente de carro empenhado na vitória. Por que meio, então, foi derrubado no campo de batalha um mestre tão formidável?”

कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
नुindeed/then (emphatic particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
पार्षतःthe son of Pṛṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
पार्षतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्षत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तातdear (sir/son) (address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शत्रुभिःby enemies
शत्रुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दुष्प्रधर्षणम्hard to assail/overpower
दुष्प्रधर्षणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्प्रधर्षण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
किरन्तम्scattering/showering
किरन्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकिरत्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
इषु-संघातान्masses/volleys of arrows
इषु-संघातान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइषुसंघात
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रुक्म-पुड्खान्having golden fletchings
रुक्म-पुड्खान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootरुक्मपुड्ख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनेकशःmany times/repeatedly
अनेकशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनेकशः
तातdear (address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Pārṣata)
D
Droṇācārya (Droṇa)
E
enemies (Kaurava/Pāṇḍava forces implied)
A
arrows (iṣu)
G
golden-feathered arrows (rukmapuṅkha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical shock that arises when an apparently invincible, rule-bound warrior-teacher is slain in war. It points to a Mahābhārata theme: battlefield outcomes are not determined by prowess alone but by strategy, circumstance, and the complex interplay of dharma and adharma.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks Sañjaya how Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada, called Pārṣata) could kill Droṇa, who was raining down golden-feathered arrows and was considered extremely difficult to defeat. The question sets up the account of the events and tactics that led to Droṇa’s fall.