Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 3

Droṇa–Arjuna Yuddha; Trigarta-Āvaraṇa; Bhīmasena Gajānīka-bheda

Droṇa and Arjuna Engage; Trigarta Containment; Bhīma Breaks the Elephant Corps

अब्रवीच्च तदा राजन्‌ भीष्म कुरुपितामहम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | abravīc ca tadā rājan bhīṣmaṁ kurupitāmaham, kathayāmāsa durdharṣo viniḥśvasya punaḥ punaḥ |

Sañjaya disse: «Ó rei, então Duryodhana falou a Bhīṣma, o avô dos Kurus. O príncipe difícil de subjugar, soltando profundos suspiros repetidas vezes, relatou tudo como havia acontecido—pois não suportava a humilhação de sua derrota naquela grande batalha. Tendo-se aproximado de Bhīṣma com deferência e inclinado a cabeça, narrou o relato por inteiro e então disse ao patriarca idoso: “Senhor, assim como meus inimigos lutam amparados em Śrī Kṛṣṇa, filho de Vāsudeva, assim também eu empreendi esta terrível guerra contra os Pāṇḍavas apoiando-me apenas em ti.”»

अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भीष्मBhishma
भीष्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरु-पितामहम्the grandsire of the Kurus
कुरु-पितामहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कथयामासrelated/told
कथयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootकथय् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect, periphrastic), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुर्धर्षःhard to assail/irresistible
दुर्धर्षः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्धर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विनिःश्वस्यhaving sighed/breathed out
विनिःश्वस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-श्वस् (धातु) (वि-नि- उपसर्गयुक्त)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
B
Bhīṣma
K
Kuru dynasty
D
Duryodhana
P
Pāṇḍavas
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa (Vāsudevanandana)
G
Ghaṭotkaca (as referenced in the prose context)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights the ethical psychology of war: pride wounded by defeat seeks validation and support from authority. It contrasts reliance on righteous counsel and divine-aligned guidance (the Pāṇḍavas’ dependence on Kṛṣṇa) with reliance on mere power or seniority (Duryodhana’s dependence on Bhīṣma), implying that the quality of one’s refuge—dharma-aligned or ego-driven—shapes outcomes.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana, distressed and repeatedly sighing after a setback, goes to Bhīṣma, bows respectfully, and narrates the events. He then tells Bhīṣma that just as the Pāṇḍavas fight supported by Kṛṣṇa, he is waging the war relying on Bhīṣma alone.