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Shloka 42

अभिमन्यु–अलम्बुसयुद्धम् / The Duel of Abhimanyu and Alambusa

with Arjuna’s approach to Bhīṣma

ततस्ते तावका: सर्वे मायया विमुखीकृता:

tatas te tāvakāḥ sarve māyayā vimukhīkṛtāḥ |

Sañjaya disse: “Então todos os teus homens, confundidos por aquele poder ilusório, afastaram-se da luta. No terror, pareceu-lhes ver uns aos outros — e também Droṇa, Duryodhana, Śalya e Aśvatthāmā — naquele estado terrível: despedaçados, caídos por terra, contorcendo-se, encharcados de sangue e reduzidos a uma ruína lastimável. Entre os Kauravas, os maiores arqueiros e os principais heróis, em sua maioria, pareciam ter sido levados à destruição como guerreiros de carro; os reis foram abatidos, e milhares de cavalos e cavaleiros jaziam talhados em pedaços.”

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formindeclinable (ablatival adverb)
तेthey (those)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
तावकाःyour men, your troops
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootतावक
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
माययाby illusion, by magic
मायया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमाया
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
विमुखीकृताःturned away, made averse
विमुखीकृताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविमुखीकृ
Formmasculine, nominative, plural; past passive participle (क्त)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kauravas (tāvakāḥ)
D
Droṇa
D
Duryodhana
Ś
Śalya
A
Aśvatthāmā
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
H
horses
H
horsemen
C
chariots/chariot-warriors (rathī)

Educational Q&A

The passage underscores how māyā—delusion, panic, and distorted perception—can collapse courage and judgment in war, leading to moral and physical ruin. It highlights the ethical cost of violence: even the ‘foremost’ heroes become pitiable when the mind is overwhelmed and the body is broken.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava troops, affected by an illusory power, lose heart and recoil from battle. They perceive their leaders and comrades as grievously mutilated and bloodied, while many principal chariot-warriors, kings, horses, and cavalry have been cut down.