Shloka 20

अशथोत्तरे महेष्वासा: सहसैन्या नराधिपा: । व्यूहं त॑ं पूरयामासुर्व्यूहशास्त्रविशारदा:,इनके बाद सेनासहित अनेक महाथधनुर्धर नरेश खड़े थे, जो व्यूहशास्त्रके पूर्ण विद्वान्‌ थे। उन्होंने उस व्यूहको प्रत्येक अंग और उपांगसे परिपूर्ण किया था

aśvathottare maheṣvāsāḥ sahasainyā narādhipāḥ | vyūhaṃ taṃ pūrayāmāsur vyūhaśāstraviśāradāḥ ||

Disse Sañjaya: Ao norte da árvore Aśvattha estavam muitos grandes arqueiros—reis com suas tropas—bem versados na ciência das formações de batalha. Eles trataram de completar aquele arranjo, preenchendo-o em cada membro e em cada parte subsidiária, até que a formação ficasse plenamente organizada para a guerra.

अश्व-उत्तरेin the rear (part) of the cavalry/horse-division
अश्व-उत्तरे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्वोत्तर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
महा-इष्वासाःgreat bowmen
महा-इष्वासाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहेष्वास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सह-सैन्याःwith their armies
सह-सैन्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसहसैन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नर-अधिपाःkings, rulers of men
नर-अधिपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
व्यूहम्battle-array, formation
व्यूहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्that
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पूरयामासुःthey filled, they made complete
पूरयामासुः:
TypeVerb
Rootपूर्
FormPeriphrastic Perfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
व्यूह-शास्त्र-विशारदाःskilled in the science of battle-formations
व्यूह-शास्त्र-विशारदाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यूहशास्त्रविशारद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Aśvattha tree
K
kings (narādhipāḥ)
A
armies/troops (sainyāḥ)
B
battle-formation (vyūha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined preparation and expertise in organized warfare: rulers and warriors must act with trained competence and coordinated structure, reflecting the kṣatriya emphasis on order, readiness, and responsibility in battle.

Sañjaya describes how numerous kings with their forces take position north of an Aśvattha tree and expertly complete a battle-array, filling every component of the formation so it becomes fully set for combat.