Shloka 19

Chapter 89: Bhīma dispatched to protect Ghaṭotkaca amid escalating engagements

Devanagari script

तर्जयानं रणे वीरांस्त्रासयानं च सायकै: । दृष्टवा त्रेसुर्महाराज सिंहं मृगगणा इव

Transliteration

tarjayan raṇe vīrāṁs trāsayan ca sāyakaiḥ | dṛṣṭvā tretusur mahārāja siṁhaṁ mṛgagaṇā iva ||

Translation

Disse Sañjaya: Ó rei, ao repreender os guerreiros na batalha e aterrorizá-los com suas flechas, os reis, ao vê-lo, ficaram tomados de medo—como manadas de cervos tremem à vista de um leão.

Word by Word

• तर्जयन्तम्: rebuking/menacing
• तर्जयन्तम्: कर्म
• Type: Verb
• Root: तर्जयत् (धातु: तर्ज्, caus. तर्जय-)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: पुं, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• वीरान्: heroes/warriors
• वीरान्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• त्रासयन्तम्: frightening/terrifying
• त्रासयन्तम्: कर्म
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्रासयत् (धातु: त्रस्, caus. त्रासय-)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सायकैः: with arrows
• सायकैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सायक
• Form: पुं, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वान्त (अव्ययकृदन्त)

• त्रेसुः: they trembled/were afraid
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्रस्
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत), प्रथम, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा-राजन्
• Form: पुं, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• सिंहम्: a lion
• सिंहम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिंह
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• मृगगणाः: herds of deer
• मृगगणाः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृग-गण
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• इव: like/as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Bhīṣma
• kings (rājānaḥ)
• warriors (vīrāḥ)
• arrows (sāyakāḥ)
• lion (siṁha)
• herds of deer (mṛgagaṇāḥ)
• battlefield (raṇa/raṇabhūmi)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how moral authority, experience, and prowess in a dharmic commander can shape the battlefield not only through weapons but through psychological dominance—fear and morale become decisive forces alongside physical strength.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes Bhīṣma on the battlefield: he chastises opposing warriors and harasses them with arrows. Seeing him, the kings tremble, compared to deer frightened by a lion.