Shloka 32

Devanagari script

तमापतन्तं सहसा जवेन जयद्रथ: सगदं भीमसेनम्‌

Transliteration

tam āpatantaṃ sahasā javena jayadrathaḥ sagadaṃ bhīmasenam

Translation

Disse Sañjaya: Então Jayadratha, com súbita velocidade, investiu contra Bhīmasena quando este vinha arremetendo—Bhīma ainda brandindo sua maça—impulsionando a batalha adiante por pura força e determinação.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आपतन्तम्: falling/charging upon (him), rushing at
• आपतन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: आपत् (आ + पत्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

• सहसा: suddenly, impetuously
• सहसा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा

• जवेन: with speed
• जवेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जव
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• जयद्रथः: Jayadratha
• जयद्रथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयद्रथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सगदम्: armed with a mace
• सगदम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-गद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• भीमसेनम्: Bhimasena
• भीमसेनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Jayadratha
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• gada (mace)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ethos in war: decisive action, courage, and readiness to meet force with force. Ethically, it reflects how battlefield duty (svadharma) is expressed through swift commitment rather than hesitation.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Sañjaya’s battlefield report, Jayadratha suddenly rushes to engage Bhīma, who is himself charging forward and is armed with a mace. The line captures the immediacy and intensity of their impending clash.