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Shloka 28

आत्मदोष-उपदेशः तथा भीम-धृष्टद्युम्नयोः संयोगः

Self-Causation Counsel and the Bhīma–Dhṛṣṭadyumna Convergence

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा कलिज्रैर्बहुभिवृत: । पुरस्कृत्य रणे भीष्म पाण्डवानभ्यवर्तत,उस समय बहुसंख्यक कलिंगोंसे घिरे हुए राजा दुर्योधनने युद्धमें भीष्मको आगे करके पाण्डवोंपर आक्रमण किया

tato duryodhano rājā kaliṅgair bahubhir vṛtaḥ | puraskṛtya raṇe bhīṣmaṃ pāṇḍavān abhyavartata ||

Então o rei Duryodhana, cercado por muitos guerreiros de Kaliṅga, avançou contra os Pāṇḍavas, colocando Bhīṣma à frente da batalha. A cena evidencia uma confiança deliberada no ancião mais venerável e temível como escudo e ponta de lança, intensificando a tensão moral de uma guerra em que autoridade e parentesco são postos a serviço da ambição.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereupon')
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
कलिङ्गैःby/with the Kalingas
कलिङ्गैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकलिङ्ग
FormMasculine, instrumental, plural
बहुभिःmany, numerous
बहुभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, instrumental, plural
वृतःsurrounded
वृतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (past passive participle of √वृ 'to cover/surround')
पुरस्कृत्यhaving placed in front; having put forward
पुरस्कृत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootपुरस्-कृ
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable (from √कृ with उपसर्ग पुरस्)
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, locative, singular
भीष्मम्Bhishma
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, accusative, singular
पाण्डवान्the Pandavas
पाण्डवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, accusative, plural
अभ्यवर्ततattacked; advanced against
अभ्यवर्तत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-√वृत्
FormImperfect (लङ्), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
B
Bhīṣma
P
Pāṇḍavas
K
Kaliṅgas
K
Kaliṅga

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how power often seeks legitimacy and strength by placing revered authority at the front. Ethically, it points to the tension between venerable duty and the purposes it is made to serve—an implicit reminder that strategic success does not automatically confer moral rightness.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana, backed by many Kaliṅga fighters, advances to attack the Pāṇḍavas, appointing Bhīṣma as the foremost leader in the fighting line.