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Shloka 12

Abhimanyu’s Assault on Bhīṣma’s Screen; Banner-Felling and Reinforcements (सौभद्र-भीष्म-समरः)

जो शास्त्रविधिसे नियत, यज्ञ करना ही कर्तव्य है--इस प्रकार मनको समाधान करके, फल न चाहनेवाले पुरुषोंद्वारा किया जाता है, वह सात्तविक है ।। अभिसंधाय तु फल दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत्‌ । इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञ विद्धि राजसम्‌,परंतु हे अर्जुन! केवल दम्भाचरणके लिये अथवा फलको भी दृष्टिमें रखकर जो यज्ञ किया जाता है, उस यज्ञको तू राजस जानडरें

abhisaṃdhāya tu phalaṃ dambhārtham api caiva yat | ijyate bharataśreṣṭha taṃ yajñaṃ viddhi rājasam ||

Ó melhor dos Bharatas! O sacrifício que é realizado com os olhos postos na recompensa—e até por ostentação e autopromoção—sabe que esse sacrifício é do tipo rājasa (passional). Eticamente, por fora parece religioso, mas por dentro é movido pela ânsia de resultados e de reconhecimento social; por isso carece da pureza do dever desinteressado.

अभिसंधायhaving intended/aimed at
अभिसंधाय:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-सम्-धा
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भाव
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
फलम्fruit/result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दम्भार्थम्for the sake of ostentation
दम्भार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदम्भार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
यत्which (sacrifice)
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इज्यतेis performed/worshipped (as a sacrifice)
इज्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
Formलट्, कर्मणि (passive), Third, Singular
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तम्that (sacrifice)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यज्ञम्sacrifice
यज्ञम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विद्धिknow (you should know)
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formलोट् (imperative), परस्मैपद, Second, Singular
राजसम्rajasic (of passion)
राजसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootराजस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
Bharata (dynastic epithet)

Educational Q&A

A sacrifice is judged not only by correct performance but by intention: when it is done for reward (phala) or for show (dambha), it becomes rājasa—driven by desire and ego—rather than a pure act of duty.

In the Bhīṣma Parva’s instructional setting, a teaching is being given to Arjuna distinguishing types of sacrifice by the three guṇas; this verse identifies the rājasa sacrifice as one motivated by results and ostentation.