Shloka 19

Devanagari script

स हि तं समरे राजन्‌ निर्जित्य विजयो<र्जुन:

Transliteration

sa hi taṃ samare rājan nirjitya vijayo 'rjunaḥ

Translation

Sañjaya disse: Ó Rei, naquela batalha ele foi de fato vencido; Arjuna—cujo próprio nome é “Vitória”—permaneceu triunfante. A linha ressalta que a proeza legítima e a firme resolução na guerra se medem pela capacidade de subjugar o oponente sem vacilar do dever que o dharma prescreve.

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हि: indeed/for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• निर्जित्य: having conquered/defeated
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-√जि
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage as indeclinable gerund)

• विजयः: victory/triumph
• विजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अर्जुनः: Arjuna
• अर्जुनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ideal of kṣatriya-dharma: in a righteous battle one must act with firmness and competence, and victory is portrayed as the fruit of steadfast duty and martial excellence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Arjuna has defeated an opponent in the ongoing battle, emphasizing Arjuna’s victorious prowess on the battlefield.