Shloka 59

Adhyāya 111 (Book 6): Daśama-dina-saṃgrāma—Bhīṣma’s Counsel to Yudhiṣṭhira and the Śikhaṇḍin-Led Advance

Devanagari script

सौमदत्तिं तथा शूरमार्ष्यशुद्धिं च राक्षसम्‌ त्रिगर्तराजं च रणे सह सर्वैर्महारथै:

Transliteration

saumadattiṁ tathā śūram ārṣyaśuddhiṁ ca rākṣasam trigartarājaṁ ca raṇe saha sarvair mahārathaiḥ

Translation

Sañjaya disse: “E (havia) Saumadatti, aquele valente guerreiro; e o Rākṣasa Ārṣyaśuddhi; e o rei dos Trigartas — todos presentes na batalha juntamente com seus grandes combatentes de carro.”

Word by Word

• सौमदत्तिम्: Somadatta’s son (Bhūriśravas)
• सौमदत्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौमदत्ति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: also/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• शूरम्: the brave one
• शूरम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शूर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आर्ष्यशुद्धिम्: one of pure ṛṣi-lineage (of rishi-like purity)
• आर्ष्यशुद्धिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्ष्यशुद्धि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• राक्षसम्: the rākṣasa/demon
• राक्षसम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• त्रिगर्तराजम्: the king of the Trigartas
• त्रिगर्तराजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिगर्तराज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• सर्वैः: with all
• सर्वैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• महारथैः: with great chariot-warriors
• महारथैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Saumadatti (Bhūriśravas)
• Ārṣyaśuddhi (Rākṣasa)
• Trigartarāja (King of the Trigartas)
• Mahārathas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse primarily functions as a battlefield roll-call, highlighting the scale and seriousness of dharma-conflict: many renowned and formidable fighters assemble, implying that actions in war carry weighty moral consequences and demand disciplined conduct (kṣātra-dharma) amid chaos.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues describing the combatants present on the battlefield, naming Saumadatti (Bhūriśravas), the Rākṣasa Ārṣyaśuddhi, and the Trigarta king, noting that they stand in battle accompanied by their mahārathas (elite chariot-warriors).