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Shloka 31

Adhyāya 90: Babhruvāhana’s Reception and the Commencement of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Aśvamedha

उज्छमप्राप्तवानेव ब्राह्मण: क्षुच्छूमान्वित: । स तथैव क्षुधाविष्ट: सार्ध परिजनेन ह

uccham aprāptavān eva brāhmaṇaḥ kṣucchūmān vitaḥ | sa tathaiva kṣudhāviṣṭaḥ sārdha-parijanena ha kṣapayāmāsa taṃ kālaṃ kṛcchra-prāṇo dvijottamaḥ |

Nakula disse: “O brâmane, afligido pela fome e pelo calor abrasador, ainda assim não conseguiu obter nem o menor resto de alimento. Embora atormentado pela fome e abatido pelo esforço, não encontrou um único grão. E assim, junto de todos os seus dependentes, suportou aquele período na mesma privação, mal preservando a vida com grande dificuldade.”

उच्छम्leftover food/alms (as object of obtaining)
उच्छम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउच्छ (प्रातिपदिक; उच्छिष्ट/भिक्षा-अर्थे)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अप्राप्तवान्not having obtained
अप्राप्तवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-प्राप् (धातु √प्राप्) + क्तवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुत्with hunger
क्षुत्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुत्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
शूमान्वितःafflicted with pain/torment
शूमान्वितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशू (प्रातिपदिक; शूल/पीडा) + अन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
क्षुधाwith hunger
क्षुधा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुधा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आविष्टःseized/overcome
आविष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-विश् (धातु √विश्) + क्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सार्धम्together with
सार्धम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसार्धम्
परिजनेनwith (his) family/attendants
परिजनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिजन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
indeed (particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षपयामासspent/passed (time)
क्षपयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षपय् (धातु √क्षप्/क्षि ‘to spend, pass’ causative) लिट्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Singular
तम्that (time)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कालम्time/period
कालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कृच्छ्रप्राणःwith life sustained with difficulty
कृच्छ्रप्राणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृच्छ्र-प्राण (समास)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजोत्तमःbest of Brahmins
द्विजोत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-उत्तम (समास)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

नकुल उवाच

N
Nakula
A
a Brahmin (dvijottama)
T
the Brahmin's family/dependents (parijana)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic endurance: even when reduced to seeking mere scraps and finding none, the virtuous person bears hardship without abandoning restraint or duty, sustaining life with difficulty but without ethical collapse.

Nakula describes a Brahmin undergoing severe deprivation—afflicted by heat and hunger, unable to obtain even leftover food—who nevertheless passes the time together with his dependents, barely maintaining life through extreme hardship.