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Shloka 9

Brahma-vidyā: Satya–Tapas and the Enumeration of Tattvas

Arjuna–Vāsudeva framed dialogue

के पन्थान: शिवाश्र स्यु: कि सुखं कि च दुष्कृतम्‌ एतान्‌ मे भगवन्‌ प्रश्नान्‌ याथातथ्येन सुव्रत,कौन-कौन-से मार्ग कल्याण करनेवाले हैं? सर्वोत्तम सुख क्या है? और पाप किसे कहते हैं? श्रेष्ठ व्रबरका आचरण करनेवाले गुरुदेव! मेरे इन प्रश्नोंका आप यथार्थरूपसे उत्तर देनेमें समर्थ हैं। धर्मज्ञोंमें श्रेष्ठ विप्रषें! यह सब जाननेके लिये मेरे मनमें बड़ी उत्कण्ठा है। इस विषयमें इन प्रश्नोंका तत्त्वतः यथार्थ उत्तर देनेमें आपसे अतिरिक्त दूसरा कोई समर्थ नहीं है। अत: आप ही बतलाइये; क्योंकि संसारमें मोक्षधर्मोके तत्त्वके ज्ञानममें आप कुशल बताये गये हैं

śiṣya uvāca | ke panthānaḥ śivāśrā syuḥ? ki sukhaṃ? ki ca duṣkṛtam? etān me bhagavan praśnān yāthātathyena suvrata |

Disse o discípulo: “Quais caminhos conduzem de fato ao auspicioso e ao bem? Qual é a felicidade suprema? E o que se chama má ação, pecado? Ó Bem-aventurado, ó tu de excelentes votos, és capaz de responder a estas minhas perguntas exatamente conforme a verdade. Minha mente anseia intensamente por saber; além de ti, ninguém parece competente para expor aqui o princípio real. Portanto, explica, pois és renomado como hábil no conhecimento dos dharmas que conduzem à libertação.”

केwhich (ones)?
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पन्थानःpaths, ways
पन्थानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शिवाःauspicious, beneficial
शिवाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्युःmight be / would be
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
किम्what?
किम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सुखम्happiness, ease
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुष्कृतम्evil deed, sin
दुष्कृतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्कृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular, —
भगवन्O venerable one
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रश्नान्questions
प्रश्नान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रश्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
याथातथ्येनwith exactness, truthfully
याथातथ्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयाथातथ्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सुव्रतO one of good vows/observances
सुव्रत:
TypeNoun
Rootसुव्रत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

शिष्य उवाच

Ś
śiṣya (disciple)
B
bhagavan (the teacher addressed as ‘Blessed one’)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a classic ethical inquiry: identify the life-paths that lead to true welfare (śiva), define the nature of the highest happiness (sukha), and clarify what counts as wrongdoing (duṣkṛta). It also emphasizes that such discernment requires truthful instruction (yāthātathyena) from a qualified teacher.

In a guru–disciple setting within the Ashvamedhika Parva, the disciple respectfully questions the teacher, expressing strong eagerness to learn and acknowledging the teacher’s authority to explain the principles of liberating dharma.