Previous Verse

Shloka 173

Go-dāna-phala-nirdeśa

Merit and Destinations from the Gift of Cows

कामयाना महत्स्थानं तस्माद्‌ दानात्‌ परं दम: | दान करते समय यदि क्रोध आ जाय तो वह दानके फलको नष्ट कर देता है; इसलिये उस क्रोधको दबानेवाला जो दमनामक गुण है

kāmayānā mahatsvānaṁ tasmād dānāt paraṁ damaḥ |

Disse Bhīṣma: Para quem anseia por um estado grande e excelso, o autocontrole (dama) é superior até mesmo à doação. Se, no momento de dar, surge a ira, ela destrói o fruto dessa dádiva; por isso a virtude chamada dama—pela qual se refreia a cólera e se governam os sentidos—é tida como mais elevada do que a caridade. Ó rei, senhor dos homens: nos céus dos ṛṣis há incontáveis moradas sutis e invisíveis, e é pela observância do dama que grandes ṛṣis, e até deuses, desejosos dos mundos supremos, partem deste mundo e os alcançam. Assim, declara-se que ‘dama’ é superior a ‘dāna’.

कामयानाdesiring
कामयाना:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकामय (धातु, णिच्; कामयति)
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
महत्-स्थानम्a great abode/place
महत्-स्थानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहत् + स्थान
Formneuter, accusative, singular
तस्मात्from that; therefore
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
दानात्from/than giving (charity)
दानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
Formneuter, ablative, singular
परम्superior
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
दमःself-control; restraint
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
ṛṣis
S
svarga (heaven)
D
devas
M
maharloka / higher worlds (implied by 'mahat-sthāna' and 'mahān loka')

Educational Q&A

Self-restraint (dama)—especially the checking of anger and the governance of the senses—is superior to charity, because anger arising during an act of giving can nullify the merit of that gift.

Bhīṣma is instructing the king on dharma, ranking virtues: he explains why dama surpasses dāna and supports it by pointing to the attainment of higher, subtle heavenly stations by ṛṣis and devas through the practice of self-restraint.