Shloka 49

एतद्‌ दानं न्यायलब्धं द्विजेभ्य: पात्रे दत्त प्रापणीयं परीक्ष्य । काम्याष्टम्या वर्तितव्यं दशाहं रसैर्गवां शकृता प्रस्नवैर्वा

etad dānaṃ nyāyalabdhaṃ dvijebhyaḥ pātre dattaṃ prāpaṇīyaṃ parīkṣya | kāmyāṣṭamyā vartitavyaṃ daśāhaṃ rasair gavāṃ śakṛtā prasnavair vā ||

Disse Naciketa: «Este dom—gado adquirido por meios justos—deve ser dado aos duas-vezes-nascidos (brâmanes). Após examinar a dignidade do destinatário, a vaca dada a quem verdadeiramente a merece deve ser devidamente entregue até sua casa. Além disso, começando em qualquer Aṣṭamī auspiciosa (o oitavo dia lunar) escolhida para o rito, deve-se observar uma disciplina de dez dias, sustentando-se com os produtos da vaca—leite e sucos afins—ou com esterco de vaca, ou com urina de vaca.»

एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दानम्gift, donation
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
न्याय-लब्धम्rightfully obtained
न्याय-लब्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootन्याय + लब्ध (√लभ्)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
द्विजेभ्यःto the twice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
पात्रेin/with a worthy recipient
पात्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपात्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दत्तम्given
दत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदत्त (√दा)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
प्रापणीयम्to be caused to reach (delivered)
प्रापणीयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रापणीय (√प्र-आप्/√आप्)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
परीक्ष्यhaving examined
परीक्ष्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरीक्ष्य (√ईक्ष् with परि-)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
काम्य-अष्टम्याfrom an auspicious (desired) eighth lunar day
काम्य-अष्टम्या:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम्य + अष्टमी
FormFeminine, Ablative/Instrumental, Singular
वर्तितव्यम्is to be observed/practised
वर्तितव्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्तितव्य (√वृत्)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दश-अहम्for ten days
दश-अहम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदश + अहन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रसैःwith juices/liquids
रसैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरस
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
शकृताwith cow-dung
शकृता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशकृत्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रस्नवैःwith cow-urine (lit. excretions/flowings)
प्रस्नवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रस्नव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

नाचिकेत उवाच

नाचिकेत (Naciketas)
द्विज (twice-born/Brahmins)
गोधन (cattle-wealth)
गाय (cow)
अष्टमी (Aṣṭamī tithi)
गोरस (cow’s milk and related products)
गोबर (cow-dung)
गोमूत्र (cow-urine)

Educational Q&A

Charity must be funded by ethically acquired wealth, offered to genuinely worthy recipients after due scrutiny, and completed responsibly (ensuring the gift reaches the recipient). The accompanying ten-day observance emphasizes self-discipline and ritual purification through cow-related substances, framing dāna as both ethical and ascetic practice.

Naciketas lays down procedural and moral guidelines for go-dāna (donation of cows): acquire the cattle righteously, test the recipient’s worthiness, deliver the cow properly, and undertake a ten-day regimen beginning on an auspicious Aṣṭamī, living on cow-products as part of the rite.