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Shloka 40

दैव–पुरुषकार-प्रश्नः

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Inquiry: Fate and Human Effort

राजर्षि धुन्धुमार यज्ञ करते-करते बूढ़े हो गये तथापि देवताओंके प्रसन्नतापूर्वक दिये हुए वरदानको त्यागकर गिरिवत्रजमें सो गये (यज्ञका फल नहीं पा सके) ।।

rājarṣiḥ dhundhumāraḥ yajñaṃ kurvan kurvan vṛddho 'bhavat tathāpi devatābhiḥ prasannatāpūrvakaṃ dattam varadānaṃ tyaktvā girivraje suṣvāpa (yajñaphalaṃ na prāpa) || pāṇḍavānāṃ hūtaṃ rājyaṃ dhārtarāṣṭra-mahābalaiḥ punaḥ pratyāhṛtaṃ caiva na daivād bhujasaṃśrayāt ||

Disse Bhīṣma: O sábio régio Dhundhumāra envelheceu realizando sacrifícios; contudo, renunciando até mesmo à dádiva concedida pelos deuses satisfeitos, deitou-se para dormir em Girivraja e, assim, não obteve o fruto do seu rito. Do mesmo modo, os poderosos filhos de Dhṛtarāṣṭra tomaram o reino que os Pāṇḍava haviam conquistado legitimamente; e os Pāṇḍava o recuperaram novamente não confiando no destino, mas amparando-se na força dos próprios braços.

पाण्डवानाम्of the Pandavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
हृतम्taken away, seized
हृतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहृ (हरति)
FormPast passive participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रैःby the sons of Dhritarashtra (Kauravas)
धार्तराष्ट्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
महाबलैःby the very mighty
महाबलैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाबल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
Formtrue
प्रत्याहृतम्taken back, recovered
प्रत्याहृतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-आ-हृ (हरति)
FormPast passive participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formtrue
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formtrue
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formtrue
दैवात्from fate; due to destiny
दैवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भुजसंश्रयात्from reliance on arms (one's own strength)
भुजसंश्रयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभुज-संश्रय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
Dhundhumara
T
the gods (devatas)
G
Girivraja
P
Pandavas
D
Dhritarashtra
S
sons of Dhritarashtra (Kauravas)

Educational Q&A

Do not abandon rightful action by leaning on “fate.” Even divine boons or ritual merit become fruitless if one lapses into passivity; success in dharma and kingship requires timely human effort (bhuja-saṃśraya) alongside whatever destiny provides.

Bhishma gives two illustrative cases: (1) the sage-king Dhundhumara, despite long sacrifice and a boon from pleased gods, renounces it and sleeps at Girivraja, losing the sacrifice’s fruit; (2) the Kauravas seize the Pandavas’ kingdom, and the Pandavas regain it through their own strength rather than trusting fate.