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Shloka 50

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

वैश्यापुत्रस्तु भागांस्त्रीन्‌ शूद्रापुत्रस्तथाष्टमम्‌ । सो<पि दत्तं हरेत्‌ पित्रा नादत्तं हर्तुमहति

vaiśyāputras tu bhāgāṁs trīn śūdrāputras tathāṣṭamam | so 'pi dattaṁ haret pitrā nādattaṁ hartum arhati |

Bhīṣma disse: “O filho de uma mulher Vaiśyā deve tomar três partes, e do mesmo modo o filho de uma mulher Śūdrā deve tomar uma oitava parte. Ainda assim, ele só deve tomá-la se for dada pelo pai; não tem direito de se apoderar do que não lhe foi concedido.”

वैश्यापुत्रःthe son of a Vaishya
वैश्यापुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य + पुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
भागान्shares/parts
भागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
त्रीन्three
त्रीन्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
शूद्रापुत्रःthe son of a Shudra
शूद्रापुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र + पुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अष्टमम्an eighth (share)
अष्टमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्टम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
दत्तम्given (property)
दत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदा (दत्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हरेत्should take/should carry off
हरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पित्राby the father
पित्रा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अदत्तम्not given (property)
अदत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदा (अदत्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हर्तुम्to take away
हर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
अर्हतिis entitled/deserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
F
father (pitṛ)
S
son of a Vaiśyā woman (vaiśyāputra)
S
son of a Śūdrā woman (śūdrāputra)

Educational Q&A

Inheritance is regulated by dharma: specified fractional shares may be received, but only through the father’s explicit grant; taking ungranted property is unethical and unauthorized.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he lays down a rule about inheritance portions for sons born of Vaiśyā and Śūdrā mothers, emphasizing that even these portions are to be taken only when the father gives them, not by self-appropriation.