Shloka 4
Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving
Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum
भीष्म उवाच समृद्धौ वासमृद्धौँ वा शुभे वा यदि वाशुभे । संसारेडस्मिन् समायाता: प्राणिन: पृथिवीपते,भीष्मजीने कहा--पृथ्वीनाथ! इस संसारमें आये हुए प्राणी उन्नतिमें या अवनतिमें तथा शुभ या अशुभ अवस्थामें ही सुख मानते हैं। मरना नहीं चाहते। इसका क्या कारण है, यह बताता हूँ, सुनो। युधिष्ठिर! यह तुमने बहुत अच्छा प्रश्न उपस्थित किया है
bhīṣma uvāca
samṛddhau vā asamṛddhau vā śubhe vā yadi vā aśubhe |
saṃsāre 'smin samāyātāḥ prāṇinaḥ pṛthivīpate ||
Bhīṣma disse: “Ó senhor da terra, os seres que vieram a este ciclo do mundo apegam-se à sua condição—seja próspera ou carente, auspiciosa ou inauspiciosa—como a algo que chamam de ‘felicidade’. Não desejam morrer. Explicarei a razão disso—ouve.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma points to a basic human tendency: beings cling to life in every condition—good or bad—treating their present state as worth holding onto. This sets up an ethical reflection on attachment (āsakti) and the delusion that worldly states themselves constitute true happiness.
In the Anushasana Parva, Yudhisthira questions Bhishma about human conduct and inner motives. Here Bhishma begins an explanation of why living beings do not wish to die, addressing Yudhisthira as ‘lord of the earth’ and introducing a teaching about life in saṃsāra.