Shloka 136

उपवासविधि-प्रश्नः

Inquiry into the Discipline of Fasting

Devanagari script

धर्म हि श्रेय इत्याहुरिति धर्मविदो जना: । बड़ा भाई अच्छा काम करनेवाला हो या बुरा

Transliteration

dharma hi śreya ity āhur iti dharmavido janāḥ |

Translation

Bhishma disse: “Os que conhecem o dharma declaram: ‘O próprio dharma é o bem supremo.’ Portanto, ainda que o irmão mais velho aja bem ou mal, o mais novo não deve insultá-lo. Do mesmo modo, se a esposa ou o irmão mais novo se desviaram para um caminho errado, a pessoa superior deve adotar qualquer meio que de fato os conduza ao bem e à correção—pois se ensina que o dharma é o principal instrumento do bem-estar.”

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'dharma', 'definition': 'righteous duty

• conduct that sustains social and spiritual well-being'}, {'term': 'hi', 'definition': 'indeed

• certainly (emphatic particle)'}, {'term': 'śreyas (śreyaḥ)', 'definition': 'the highest good

• what is ultimately beneficial'}, {'term': 'iti', 'definition': 'thus

• so (quotative particle)'}, {'term': 'āhuḥ', 'definition': 'they say

• they declare (3rd person plural perfect of √ah)'}, {'term': 'dharmavidaḥ', 'definition': 'knowers of dharma

• those learned in righteous conduct'}, {'term': 'janāḥ', 'definition': 'people

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is presented as the supreme means to welfare (śreyas). From this follows an ethic of restraint and responsibility within the family: do not dishonor elders, and when dependents or juniors go astray, guide them by whatever effective, welfare-producing means aligns with dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising on righteous conduct. Here he summarizes the authority of dharma-teachers—“dharma is the highest good”—and applies it to household relationships, emphasizing respect and corrective guidance rather than contempt.