Shloka 55
Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda
Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time
आदित्यश्रन्द्रमा विष्णुरापो वायु: शतक्रतुः । अग्नि:खं पृथिवी मित्र: पर्जन्यो वसवो5दिति:
ādityaś candramā viṣṇur āpo vāyuḥ śatakratuḥ | agniḥ khaṃ pṛthivī mitraḥ parjanyo vasavo 'ditiḥ ||
Bhīṣma disse: “O Sol, a Lua, Viṣṇu, as Águas, o Vento, Śatakratu (Indra), o Fogo, o Espaço, a Terra, Mitra, Parjanya (o deus da chuva), os Vasus e Aditi — tudo isso deve ser compreendido como os poderes divinos que permeiam o mundo.” Neste ensinamento, Bhīṣma aponta para os muitos nomes e formas pelos quais se reconhece uma única ordem sagrada, conclamando à reverência, à contenção e à reta conduta para com todos os seres e os elementos que sustentam a vida.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse presents a catalog of major Vedic divine powers identified with cosmic elements and sustaining forces (sun, moon, water, wind, fire, earth, rain, etc.). The ethical thrust is to cultivate reverence and disciplined conduct by recognizing the sacred presence that upholds the world through many names and forms.
In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. Here he enumerates prominent deities and elemental powers, situating moral instruction within a cosmological frame: dharma aligns human behavior with the forces that sustain life and social order.