Ratna-parīkṣā: Vajra (Diamond/Thunderbolt) — Origin, Types, Testing, Defects, Weights, and Royal Auspiciousness
आताम्रा हिमशैलजाश्च शशिभा वेण्वातटीयाः स्मृताः सौवीरे त्वसिताब्जमेघसदृशास्ताभ्राश्च सौराष्ट्रजाः / कालिङ्गाः कन कावदातरुचिराः पीतप्रभाः कोसले श्यामाः पुण्ड्रभवा मतङ्गविषये नात्यन्तपीतप्रभाः
ātāmrā himaśailajāśca śaśibhā veṇvātaṭīyāḥ smṛtāḥ sauvīre tvasitābjameghasadṛśāstābhrāśca saurāṣṭrajāḥ / kāliṅgāḥ kana kāvadātarucirāḥ pītaprabhāḥ kosale śyāmāḥ puṇḍrabhavā mataṅgaviṣaye nātyantapītaprabhāḥ
Os nascidos nas regiões do Himālaya são de tom avermelhado; os das margens do Veṇvā são lembrados como de tez semelhante à lua. Em Sauvīra, assemelham-se a nuvens escuras e a lótus azuis; e os de Saurāṣṭra são de cor fulva. Os de Kāliṅga brilham como ouro, belos ao olhar; em Kosala são amarelados. Os oriundos de Puṇḍra são de compleição escura; enquanto na terra de Mataṅga o fulgor amarelo não é excessivo.
Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)
Concept: Lakṣaṇa-jñāna: inference from observable qualities (complexion/tejas) tied to place of origin.
Vedantic Theme: Guṇa and upādhi: outward attributes vary with conditioning factors; encourages discernment without absolutizing externals.
Application: In gem/people-description contexts, use careful, non-binary qualifiers (e.g., ‘not excessively’) and compare with stable visual referents (moon, cloud, lotus) for consistent identification.
Primary Rasa: adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: shanta
Type: mountain region, riverine tract, janapadas
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.68.17 (eight domains); Garuda Purana 1.68.19 (vajra-lakṣaṇa); Garuda Purana 1.68.21 (deva-color correspondences)
This verse catalogs regional populations (Himālaya, Veṇvā banks, Sauvīra, Saurāṣṭra, Kaliṅga, Kosala, Puṇḍra, Mataṅga) and describes their typical complexions/appearance as a traditional geographic-ethnographic note.
Within the instructional dialogue, Vishnu provides descriptive classifications of regions and their characteristics; this shloka specifically focuses on outward traits rather than afterlife rites or punishments.
Read it as a historical-cultural snapshot of how regions were described in classical literature, encouraging careful contextual study of Purāṇic geography rather than using it for modern judgments.