Shloka 1

Causes and Signs of Hṛdroga

Heart Disease) and Tṛṣṇā (Pathological Thirst

Devanagari script

त्रिपञ्चाशदुत्तरशततमो ऽध्यायः धन्वन्तरिरुवाच / हृद्रोगादिनिदानं ते वक्ष्ये ऽहं सुश्रुताधुना / कृमिहृद्रोगलिङ्गैश्च स्मृताः पञ्च तु हृद्गताः

Transliteration

tripañcāśaduttaraśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ dhanvantariruvāca / hṛdrogādinidānaṃ te vakṣye 'haṃ suśrutādhunā / kṛmihṛdrogaliṅgaiśca smṛtāḥ pañca tu hṛdgatāḥ

Translation

Inicia-se o capítulo cento e cinquenta e quatro. Disse Dhanvantari: “Agora, segundo a tradição de Suśruta, exporei a ti as causas das doenças do coração e dos males correlatos. Quanto aos sinais das afecções cardíacas nascidas de vermes (kṛmi), são lembradas cinco espécies de doenças situadas no coração.”

Word by Word

• त्रिपञ्चाशत्: fifty-three
• त्रिपञ्चाशत्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि + पञ्चाशत् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक-समास (द्विगु), प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• उत्तर: additional/above
• उत्तर: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• शततमः: hundredth
• शततमः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शततम (प्रातिपदिक; शत + तम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्रमवाचक (ordinal)

• अध्यायः: chapter
• अध्यायः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• धन्वन्तरिः: Dhanvantari
• धन्वन्तरिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्वन्तरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; proper noun

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Parasmaipada

• हृद्रोग: heart-disease
• हृद्रोग: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृद् + रोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (हृदः रोगः)

• आदि: etc.
• आदि: Sambandha (Etc.)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः ‘etc.’ (समासाङ्ग)

• निदानम्: causes/diagnosis
• निदानम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निदान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Dative singular

• वक्ष्ये: I will tell
• वक्ष्ये: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple future), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; Parasmaipada

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन; 1st person pronoun

• सुश्रुत: O Suśruta
• सुश्रुत: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुश्रुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन/प्रथमा, एकवचन; proper name/vocative sense

• अधुना: now
• अधुना: Kala-adhikarana (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधुना (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• कृमि: worm/parasite
• कृमि: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृमि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• हृद्रोग: heart-disease
• हृद्रोग: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृद् + रोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• लिङ्गैः: by symptoms
• लिङ्गैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लिङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात

• स्मृताः: are stated/remembered
• स्मृताः: Kriya (Predicative verbal)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मृत (कृदन्त; √स्मृ)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (PPP) बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा; कर्मणि-प्रयोगे विधेय (are said/remembered)

• पञ्च: five
• पञ्च: Visheshana (Numerical qualifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पञ्च (संख्या; अव्ययवत्)
• Form: संख्यावाचक-अव्यय (numeral)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• हृद्गताः: located in the heart
• हृद्गताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृद् + गत (कृदन्त; √गम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (हृदि गताः = situated in the heart)

Speaker

Dhanvantari

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nidāna (causation) and lakṣaṇa (signs) are to be taught systematically; heart diseases include kṛmija varieties and are classified (fivefold) as hṛd-gata.

Vedantic Theme: Śāstra-pramāṇa (reliance on authoritative teaching) and disciplined inquiry as supports for right action.

Application: Approach hṛdroga through structured diagnosis: learn causes and symptom clusters, including worm-born heart disorders, before choosing therapy.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.153.8-10 (preceding medical symptomology leading into hṛdroga topic); Garuda Purana 1.154.2 (vāta-type hṛdroga lakṣaṇas begin)

Characters & Entities

• Dhanvantari
• Sushruta

FAQs

What is the importance of Nidāna (causation) in this Garuda Purana verse?

The verse frames the chapter as a diagnostic teaching: knowing nidāna (etiology) and liṅga (symptoms) is presented as the correct method to understand and manage hṛdroga (heart disease).

How does this verse connect the Garuda Purana with Ayurveda and Suśruta?

It explicitly says the explanation is “suśruta-adhunā,” indicating the chapter follows the Suśruta medical lineage, with Dhanvantari speaking as the authoritative teacher of healing.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use the principle of nidāna and liṅga: observe symptoms carefully and address root causes (diet, lifestyle, infections/parasites) rather than treating only surface discomfort.