Sutra 12

Devanagari script

उपनिविष्टसमाप्तयोरुपनिविष्टं पृथग्यानस्थानमतिसंधायारिं युध्येत न समाप्तमरिणैकस्थानयानम् ॥ कZ_०८.५.१२ ॥

Transliteration

upaniviṣṭasamāptayor upaniviṣṭaṃ pṛthagyānasthānam atisaṃdhāyāriṃ yudhyeta na samāptam ariṇaikasthānayānam

Translation

Entre um inimigo meramente acampado e outro que completou (sua concentração/preparação), deve-se combater o inimigo acampado explorando pontos separados de marcha/posicionamento; não se deve combater o inimigo plenamente completado, cujo movimento e aquartelamento estão unificados num só lugar.

Word by Word

• उपनिविष्टसमाप्तयोः: of (the two situations) ‘encamped/settled’ and ‘completed/finished’
• Type: Noun/Adjective (compound)
• Root: उप-नि-√विश्; √समाप्
• Form: षष्ठी-द्विवचन; पुं/नपुं (संदर्भानुसार); उपनिविष्ट (ppp) + समाप्त (ppp) — ‘उपनिविष्ट’ तथा ‘समाप्त’ (अवस्थाद्वय)

• उपनिविष्टम्: the encamped (force/position)
• Type: Adjective/Participle used substantively
• Root: उप-नि-√विश्
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसक/पुं (संदर्भानुसार); भूतकृदन्त (क्त)

• पृथक्: separately; apart
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्
• Form: अव्यय

• यानस्थानम्: the marching position/place (place of movement/advance)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: √या; √स्था
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘यान’ (march/expedition) + ‘स्थान’ (position/place)

• अतिसंधाय: having disregarded / having passed beyond (that consideration)
• Type: Gerund
• Root: अति-सम्-√धा
• Form: क्त्वान्त (ल्यप्) अव्यय; ‘having overstepped/ignored; having passed beyond (the rule/consideration)’

• अरिम्: the enemy
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरी (शत्रु)
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग

• युध्येत: should fight
• Type: Verb
• Root: √युध्
• Form: विधिलिङ्/आशीर्लिङ् (optative); आत्मनेपद; प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• न: not
• Type: Particle
• Root: न
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• समाप्तम्: the completed/finished (state/operation)
• Type: Adjective/Participle used substantively
• Root: √समाप्
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; भूतकृदन्त (क्त)

• अरिणा: by/with the enemy
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरी (शत्रु)
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग

• एकस्थानयानम्: a march/advance from a single position (single-line movement)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: एक; √स्था; √या
• Form: प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘एक-स्थान’ (in one place/one position) + ‘यान’ (march/advance)

Entities Mentioned

• king
• enemy

More Details

FAQs

What is the advantage of attacking an 'upaniviṣṭa' enemy?

Encampment and dispersed halts create seams—routes, detachments, and supply points that can be struck separately.