Sutra 16

Devanagari script

देवपशुप्रतिमामनुष्यक्षेत्रगृहहिरण्यसुवर्णरत्नसस्यापहारिण उत्तमो दण्डः शुद्धवधो वा ॥ कZ_०४.१०.१६ ॥

Transliteration

devapaśupratimāmanuṣyakṣetragṛhahiraṇyasuvarṇaratnasasyāpahāriṇa uttamo daṇḍaḥ śuddhavadho vā

Translation

Quem roubar propriedade de divindades, gado, ídolos, seres humanos, campos, casas, dinheiro, ouro, gemas ou grãos incorre na pena máxima, ou na execução sem mutilação (isto é, uma “morte limpa”).

Word by Word

• देव: god; deity (as a protected sacred entity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (देव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• पशु: cattle/animal (as protected property)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• प्रतिमा: image/idol (esp. sacred image)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतिमा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• मनुष्य: human being (kidnapping/abduction context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• क्षेत्र: field; cultivated land
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेत्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• गृह: house; dwelling
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• हिरण्य: gold (esp. bullion/monetary gold)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिरण्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• सुवर्ण: fine gold; standard gold
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुवर्ण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• रत्न: gem; precious stone; treasure
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्न
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• सस्य: grain; crop; produce
• Type: Noun
• Root: सस्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अपहारिणः: of one who steals/abducts (a taker-away)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: अप-हृ (हृ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (सम्बन्धे: ‘of the taker/stealer’); अपहारिन्-प्रातिपदिक (कर्तृवाचक)

• उत्तमः: the highest; most severe
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; दण्डस्य विशेषणम्

• दण्डः: punishment; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

• शुद्धवधः: simple execution (unmixed/straight capital punishment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध (√वध्/हन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; दण्डस्य विकल्पः

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• temples/deities
• cattle owners
• householders
• farmers
• kidnapped persons (manuṣya)

More Details

FAQs

Why are grain, fields, and cattle listed alongside gold and gems?

They are core productive assets of the state’s fiscal-military system; protecting the agrarian surplus is as strategically important as protecting treasury valuables.