Sutra 68

Devanagari script

पुत्रभ्रातृबन्धुषु सामदानाभ्यां सिद्धिरनुरूपा पौरजानपददण्डमुख्येषु दानभेदाभ्यां सामन्ताटविकेषु भेददण्डाभ्याम् ॥ कZ_०९.७.६८ ॥

Transliteration

putra-bhrātṛ-bandhuṣu sāma-dānābhyāṃ siddhir anurūpā paura-jānapada-daṇḍa-mukhyeṣu dāna-bhedābhyāṃ sāmanta-āṭavikeṣu bheda-daṇḍābhyām

Translation

Com os filhos, os irmãos e os parentes próximos, o sucesso deve ser buscado de modo apropriado por meio da conciliação e de dádivas. Com os habitantes das cidades, os súditos do campo e os principais oficiais coercitivos, o sucesso deve ser assegurado por meio de dádivas e divisão. Com os feudatários e as tribos da floresta, o sucesso deve ser alcançado por meio de divisão e força.

Word by Word

पुत्रsons

भ्रातृbrothers

बन्धुषुamong kinsmen/relatives

सामconciliation

दानाभ्याम्by gifts

सिद्धिःsuccess/accomplishment

अनुरूपाappropriate/suitable

पौरcitizens (of the city)

जानपदcountry people/subjects

दण्डpunishments/force

मुख्येषुamong the leaders/chiefs

दानgift-giving

भेदाभ्याम्by dissension

सामन्तamong feudatories/neighboring chiefs

आटविकेषुamong forest tribes/forest chiefs

भेदdissension

दण्डाभ्याम्by force/punishment

Entities Mentioned

sons

brothers

kinsmen

urban citizens (paura)

rural subjects (jānapada)

coercive officials (daṇḍa-mukhya)

feudatories (sāmanta)

forest tribes (āṭavika)

FAQs

What is the core administrative principle in 9.7.68?

Instrument-choice must match the constituency: softer tools for kin, mixed inducement-and-fragmentation for the populace and power-holders, and harder tools (division and force) for semi-autonomous and frontier groups.

How does this verse relate to state capacity?

It treats legitimacy and cohesion as cheaper to maintain internally (sāma/dāna), while frontier and subordinate powers may require coercive containment (bheda/daṇḍa).