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Shloka 16

सप्तद्वीप-समुद्र-प्रमाणम्: प्लक्षादि-द्वीपवर्णनं, लोकालोक-सीमा, चन्द्र-समुद्र-वृद्धिक्षयः

वर्णाश् च तत्र चत्वारस् तान् निबोध वदामि ते

varṇāś ca tatra catvāras tān nibodha vadāmi te

ਉਸ ਨਿਯਤ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਚਾਰ ਵਰਣ ਹਨ; ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਚੰਗੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਮਝ—ਹੁਣ ਮੈਂ ਤੈਨੂੰ ਦੱਸਦਾ ਹਾਂ।

वर्णाःclasses (varṇas)
वर्णाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)
चत्वारःfour
चत्वारः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); संख्याविशेषण (numeral adjective)
तान्those (them)
तान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural); सर्वनाम (pronoun)
निबोधknow/understand
निबोध:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootबुध् (धातु) + नि (उपसर्ग)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद
वदामिI tell
वदामि:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th) एकवचन (Singular) / चतुर्थी-रूपेण (Dative/4th) एकवचन; प्रचलितं ‘to you/for you’ अर्थे

Sage Parāśara

P
Parāśara
M
Maitreya

FAQs

This verse introduces the four varnas as an intentional ordering within dharma, implying that social duties are meant to support stability and righteous living.

Parāśara frames dharma as something to be systematically understood; here he signals a structured explanation, beginning with the four varnas.

Even when discussing social order, the Vishnu Purana treats dharma as part of the larger cosmic governance ultimately rooted in the Supreme Reality—Vishnu—as the sustaining principle.