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Shloka 16

Udyoga Parva Adhyāya 58 — Saṃjaya’s Audience and Kṛṣṇa’s Deterrent Counsel (संजय-प्रवेशः कृष्णवाक्यं च)

वाचं स वदतां श्रेष्ठो ह्वादिनीं वचनक्षमाम्‌ | त्रासिनीं धार्तराष्ट्राणां मृदुपूर्वां सुदारुणाम्‌

vācaṃ sa vadatāṃ śreṣṭho hvādinīṃ vacanakṣamām | trāsinīṃ dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ mṛdupūrvāṃ sudāruṇām

ਸੰਜਯ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—ਬੋਲਣ ਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਸ਼ਠ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਐਸੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਉਚਾਰੀ ਜੋ ਸੁਣਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿੱਠੀ ਤੇ ਸੁਚੱਜੀ ਸੀ, ਪਰ ਧ੍ਰਿਤਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰਾਂ ਲਈ ਡਰ ਪੈਦਾ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੀ ਵੀ; ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਰਮ, ਅੰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੱਚ ਨੂੰ ਚੀਰ ਕੇ ਰੱਖ ਦੇਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਕਠੋਰ।

वाचम्speech, words
वाचम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वदताम्of speakers, of those speaking
वदताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural, Shatru (present active participle), वदत्
श्रेष्ठःbest, foremost
श्रेष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ह्वादिनीम्delighting, pleasing
ह्वादिनीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootह्वादिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वचनक्षमाम्capable in speech, eloquent
वचनक्षमाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवचनक्षमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
त्रासिनीम्terrifying, causing fear
त्रासिनीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रासिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्of the Dhārtarāṣṭras (sons/party of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मृदुपूर्वाम्having a gentle beginning (soft at first)
मृदुपूर्वाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदुपूर्वा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सुदारुणाम्very harsh, exceedingly cruel
सुदारुणाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhārtarāṣṭras (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Educational Q&A

Ethical speech can be both courteous and forceful: one may begin gently to maintain decorum and receptivity, yet speak with firm severity when confronting adharma. The verse praises disciplined rhetoric—pleasant in form, truthful and even fear-inducing in its moral consequence.

Sañjaya describes a principal speaker (contextually, a leading counselor or envoy in the Udyoga Parva’s negotiations) delivering a carefully crafted address: pleasing and articulate, but alarming to the Dhārtarāṣṭras because it exposes their peril and wrongdoing, moving from soft opening to stern admonition.