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Shloka 27

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 34 — Vidura’s Counsel on Deliberation, Speech-Discipline, and Dharmic Kingship

युधन्वोवाच उदकं मधुपर्क च पथिष्वेवार्पितं मम । प्रह्मद त्वं तु मे तथ्यं प्रश्न॑ प्रत्रूहि पृष्छत: । कि ब्राह्मणा: स्विच्छेयांस उताहो स्विद्‌ विरोचन:,सुधन्वा बोला--प्रह्नाद! जल और मधुपर्क तो मुझे मार्गमें ही मिल गया है। तुम तो जो मैं पूछ रहा हूँ, उस प्रश्नचका ठीक-ठीक उत्तर दो-ब्राह्मण श्रेष्ठ हैं अथवा विरोचन?

Sudhanvā uvāca—udakaṁ madhuparkaṁ ca pathiṣv evārpitaṁ mama | Prahrāda tvaṁ tu me tathyaṁ praśnaṁ prabrūhi pṛcchataḥ | kiṁ brāhmaṇāḥ svic chreyāṁsa utāho svid Virocanaḥ ||

ਸੁਧਨਵਾ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ—ਪਾਣੀ ਅਤੇ ਮਧੁਪਰਕ ਤਾਂ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਰਾਹ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਅਰਪਿਤ ਹੋ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਹਨ। ਪਰ ਪ੍ਰਹਲਾਦ! ਜੋ ਮੈਂ ਪੁੱਛਦਾ ਹਾਂ, ਉਸ ਦਾ ਸੱਚਾ ਜਵਾਬ ਦੇ—ਸ਼੍ਰੇਸ਼ਠ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਹਨ ਜਾਂ ਵਿਰੋਚਨ?

सुधन्वाSudhanvan (name)
सुधन्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुधन्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
उदकम्water
उदकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मधुपर्कम्madhuparka (honey-mixture offered to a guest)
मधुपर्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमधुपर्क
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पथिषुon the roads / on the way
पथिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपथि
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अर्पितम्offered / presented
अर्पितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्पित
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
ममto me / of me
मम:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
प्रह्लादO Prahlāda
प्रह्लाद:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रह्लाद
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
तुbut / however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मेto me / my
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
तथ्यम्truth / true (answer)
तथ्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतथ्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रश्नम्question
प्रश्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रश्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रब्रूहिtell / answer
प्रब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृच्छतःof (me) who is asking
पृच्छतः:
TypeNoun
Rootपृच्छत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
किम्which? / what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वित्indeed? (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
श्रेयांसःbetter / superior
श्रेयांसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Comparative
उतor (also: and then)
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
अहोindeed / pray (emphatic particle)
अहो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो
स्वित्indeed? (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
विरोचनःVirocana (name)
विरोचनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविरोचन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

प्रह्माद उवाच

S
Sudhanvā
P
Prahrāda
V
Virocana
B
brāhmaṇāḥ
U
udaka
M
madhuparka

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds satya (truth) and dharmic discernment: ritual hospitality is acknowledged, but the decisive issue is a truthful judgment about who deserves higher honor—measured not by power or lineage alone, but by dharmic standards.

Sudhanvā addresses Prahrāda, noting that the customary guest-offerings (water and madhuparka) have already been given, and presses him to answer a pointed question: whether Brahmins are superior or Virocana is.