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Shloka 4

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

साहसप्रकृतिर्यत्र किंचिदुल्बणमाचरेत्‌ । अशास्त्रलक्षणो राजा क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति

sāhasaprakṛtir yatra kiñcid ulbaṇam ācaret | aśāstralakṣaṇo rājā kṣipram eva vinaśyati ||

ਜਿੱਥੇ ਰਾਜਾ ਸੁਭਾਵ ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਦੁਰਸਾਹਸੀ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਥੋੜ੍ਹੀ ਜਿਹੀ ਵੀ ਅਤਿ ਜਾਂ ਹਿੰਸਾ ਕਰ ਬੈਠੇ, ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ ਤੇ ਸੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਦੇ ਲੱਛਣਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਰਹਿਤ ਹੋਵੇ—ਉਹ ਰਾਜਾ ਜਲਦੀ ਹੀ ਨਾਸ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

साहसप्रकृतिःrash/violent disposition
साहसप्रकृतिः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसाहस-प्रकृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
किंचित्something, somewhat
किंचित्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिंचित्
उल्बणम्excessive, outrageous
उल्बणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउल्बण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आचरेत्should do/practise, would commit
आचरेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अशास्त्रलक्षणःone whose marks are not according to the śāstra; unregulated
अशास्त्रलक्षणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-शास्त्र-लक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षिप्रम्quickly
क्षिप्रम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्षिप्र
एवindeed, surely
एव:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विनश्यतिperishes, is ruined
विनश्यति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-नश्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

वामदेव उवाच

V
Vāmadeva
R
rājā (the king/ruler)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must be guided by śāstra and disciplined judgment; even minor acts of reckless excess, when rooted in a rash temperament, undermine legitimacy and stability and lead swiftly to ruin.

In the Śānti Parva’s rājadharma instruction, the sage Vāmadeva warns about a king’s character: a rash, unregulated ruler who acts outside śāstric norms quickly destroys himself and his rule.