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Shloka 1

ऋत्विग्धर्मः, दक्षिणा-न्यायः, तपसः परमार्थः

Ritvij-Dharma, the Norm of Dakṣiṇā, and the Higher Meaning of Tapas

अर एकोनाशीतितमो< ध्याय: ऋषच्विजोंके लक्षण

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: kva-samutthāḥ kathaṃ-śīlā ṛtvijaḥ syuḥ pitāmaha? kathaṃ-vidhāś ca rājendra tad brūhi vadatāṃ vara.

ਯੁਧਿਸ਼ਠਿਰ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ—ਪਿਤਾਮਹ! ਰਿਤਵਿਜ਼ (ਯਜ્ઞ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਪੁਰੋਹਿਤ) ਕਿਹੜੇ ਸਰੋਤ ਤੋਂ ਉਤਪੰਨ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ? ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਸੁਭਾਉ ਕਿਹੋ ਜਿਹਾ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ? ਹੇ ਨਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਰਾਜਾ, ਰਾਜੇਂਦ੍ਰ, ਉਹ ਕਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਕਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ? ਵਕਤਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਸ਼ਠ, ਇਹ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਦੱਸੋ।

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्वfrom where?/where?
क्व:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्व
समुत्थाःarisen/originated
समुत्थाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमुत्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
शीलाःof what nature/character
शीलाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ऋत्विजःpriests (ṛtvij-s)
ऋत्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋत्विज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्युःmight be/should be
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
विधाःof what kinds/types
विधाः:
TypeNoun
Rootविधा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राजेन्द्रO lord of kings
राजेन्द्र:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
वदताम्of speakers
वदताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वरO best
वर:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry: ritual authority (ṛtvij) must be grounded in proper origin/training and, above all, in character. It sets up Bhīṣma’s instruction that competence in sacrifice is inseparable from dharmic conduct.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira approaches Bhīṣma as a teacher and asks about the origin, nature, and classifications of sacrificial priests, preparing for a discussion on yajña, dakṣiṇā, and the superiority of tapas.