Shloka 49

Atithi-prāpti and the Brāhmaṇa’s Deliberation on Triadic Dharma (अतिथिप्राप्तिः धर्मत्रयविचारश्च)

Devanagari script

श्रीभगवानुवाच भो भो: सब्रह्मका देवा ऋषयश्च तपोधना: । स्वागतेनार्च्य व: सर्वान्‌ श्रावये वाक्यमुत्तमम्‌

Transliteration

śrībhagavān uvāca bho bhoḥ sabrahmakā devā ṛṣayaś ca tapodhanāḥ | svāgatenārcya vaḥ sarvān śrāvaye vākyam uttamam ||

Translation

ਸ਼੍ਰੀਭਗਵਾਨ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ—ਹੇ ਬ੍ਰਹਮਾ ਸਮੇਤ ਦੇਵਗਣੋ ਅਤੇ ਤਪ-ਧਨ ਰਿਸ਼ਿਓ! ਸਵਾਗਤ ਕਰਕੇ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਸਭ ਦਾ ਸਤਿਕਾਰ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਉੱਤਮ ਬਚਨ ਸੁਣਾਉਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।

Word by Word

• श्रीभगवान्: the Blessed Lord
• श्रीभगवान्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रीभगवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular

• भो: O!
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भो

• भोः: O!
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भोः

• सब्रह्मकाः: together with Brahmā
• सब्रह्मकाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सब्रह्मक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ऋषयः: sages
• ऋषयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तपोधनाः: those whose wealth is austerity (ascetics)
• तपोधनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपोधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• स्वागतेन: with welcome / by welcoming
• स्वागतेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वागत
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• अर्च्य: having honored
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्च्
• Form: Lyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), true

• वः: of you / your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Plural

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• श्रावये: I cause (you) to hear / I tell
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: Present, Indicative, Parasmaipada, First, Singular, Causative (णिच्)

• वाक्यम्: speech, statement
• वाक्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उत्तमम्: excellent, supreme
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śrībhagavān (the Blessed Lord)
• Brahmā
• Devas (gods)
• Ṛṣis (sages)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds dharmic conduct before instruction: honoring worthy guests—gods and sages—through welcome and reverence, and then delivering a refined, beneficial teaching. It links ethical etiquette (satkāra) with the authority and purity of what is taught.

What is happening in the narrative?

The divine speaker addresses an assembly that includes Brahmā, other gods, and austerity-rich sages. After formally welcoming and honoring them, he announces that he will now proclaim an ‘excellent’ discourse, setting the stage for the ensuing instruction.