Shloka 5

अध्याय २८६ — पराशर-उपदेशः

Ethical Restraint, Mortality, and Karma

Devanagari script

समड़ उवाच भूतं भव्यं भविष्यं च सर्वमेतत्‌ तु मानद । तेषां तत्त्वानि जानामि ततो न विमना हाहम्‌

Transliteration

Samaḍa uvāca—bhūtaṁ bhavyaṁ bhaviṣyaṁ ca sarvam etat tu mānada | teṣāṁ tattvāni jānāmi tato na vimanā hy aham ||

Translation

ਸਮੜ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—ਹੇ ਮਾਨ ਦੇਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਵਰਿਸ਼ੀ! ਭੂਤ, ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਅਤੇ ਭਵਿੱਖ—ਇਹ ਸਭ ਦਾ ਯਥਾਰਥ ਤੱਤ ਮੈਂ ਜਾਣਦਾ ਹਾਂ; ਇਸ ਲਈ ਮੇਰਾ ਮਨ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਵਿਸਾਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਡੁੱਬਦਾ।

Word by Word

• समडः: Samada (proper name), the speaker
• समडः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: समड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• भूतम्: the past
• भूतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• भव्यम्: the present / what is (becoming)
• भव्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• भविष्यम्: the future
• भविष्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भविष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एतत्: this (all)
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तु: but / indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• मानद: O giver of honor (honorer)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• तेषाम्: of those (things)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• तत्त्वानि: realities / principles / true natures
• तत्त्वानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• जानामि: I know
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: Present (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ततः: therefore / from that
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• विमनाः: despondent / dejected
• विमनाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विमनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

समड़ उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Samaḍa (speaker)
• mānada (addressee, epithet: 'giver of honor')

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Insight into the true nature (tattva) of time and events—past, present, and future—supports steadiness of mind; understanding reality reduces grief and prevents dejection.

What is happening in the narrative?

In a didactic exchange within Śānti Parva, Samaḍa addresses a revered interlocutor (called mānada) and explains that his knowledge of the principles governing all temporal states keeps him free from inner sorrow.