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Shloka 44

परिव्राजक-आचारः (Conduct of the Wandering Renunciant) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 269

एषैव निष्ठा सर्वत्र यत्‌ तदस्ति च नास्ति च । एतदन्त च मध्यं च सच्चासच्च विजानतः

eṣaiva niṣṭhā sarvatra yat tad asti ca nāsti ca | etad antaṁ ca madhyaṁ ca saccāsacca vijānataḥ ||

ਕਪਿਲ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—ਉਪਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਹਰ ਥਾਂ ਇਹੀ ਪੱਕਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਚੇ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਜੋ ਕੁਝ ਦਿੱਖਦਾ ਹੈ, ਦਿੱਖ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ‘ਹੈ’ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਪਰਮਾਰਥ ਗਿਆਨ ਦੀ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹ ਖੰਡਿਤ ਹੋ ਕੇ ‘ਨਹੀਂ’ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਜੋ ਗਿਆਨੀ ਸਤ ਅਤੇ ਅਸਤ ਦਾ ਵਿਵੇਕ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸ ਦੀ ਨਜ਼ਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਦਸੱਤ-ਸਰੂਪ ਬ੍ਰਹਮ ਹੀ ਇਸ ਜਗਤ ਦਾ ਆਦਿ, ਮੱਧ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਤ ਹੈ।

एषाthis (she/this one)
एषा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
निष्ठाfinal doctrine/settled conclusion
निष्ठा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिष्ठा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वत्रeverywhere/in all cases
सर्वत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वत्र
यत्that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अन्तःend
अन्तः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मध्यम्middle
मध्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्being/real
सत्:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसत्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
असत्non-being/unreal
असत्:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअसत्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विजानतःof (one) knowing/discerning
विजानतः:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा
FormPresent active participle, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila
B
Brahman (implied as the principle described as beginning/middle/end)

Educational Q&A

The verse states a pan-śāstric conclusion: the world is experienced as existent while it appears, but from the standpoint of highest knowledge it is sublated; the wise discern the interplay of sat/asat and recognize Brahman as the ultimate ground—spoken of as the beginning, middle, and end of the cosmos.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic discourse, Kapila instructs on liberation-oriented knowledge, emphasizing how a knower interprets worldly phenomena: valid for experience, yet not ultimately real, with Brahman as the underlying reality to be realized.