Shanti Parva Adhyaya 269 Shloka 31 - Mahabharata | Punjabi | Vedapath

Vyasa

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Shloka 31

परिव्राजक-आचारः (Conduct of the Wandering Renunciant) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 269

Devanagari script

संतोषमूलस्त्यागात्मा ज्ञानाधिष्ठानमुच्यते । अपवर्गमतिर्नित्यो यतिधर्म: सनातन:

Transliteration

santoṣamūlas tyāgātmā jñānādhiṣṭhānam ucyate | apavargamatir nityo yatidharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ||

Translation

ਕਪਿਲ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—ਜਿਸ ਦਾ ਮੂਲ ਸੰਤੋਖ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਦਾ ਸੁਭਾਉ ਤਿਆਗ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਜੋ ਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਆਧਾਰ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਜਿਸ ਦੀ ਬੁੱਧੀ ਸਦਾ ਮੁਕਤੀ ਵੱਲ ਟਿਕੀ ਰਹਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ—ਉਹੀ ਯਤੀ (ਸੰਨਿਆਸੀ) ਦਾ ਸਨਾਤਨ ਧਰਮ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

संतोषमूलःhaving contentment as its root

त्यागात्माwhose nature is renunciation

ज्ञानाधिष्ठानम्a foundation of knowledge

उच्यतेis said / is called

अपवर्गमतिःone whose intent is liberation

नित्यःconstant / ever (steadfast)

यतिधर्मःthe duty/practice of an ascetic

सनातनःeternal

Speaker

कपिल उवाच

Characters & Entities

Kapila

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Kapila defines the ascetic’s eternal dharma as a life rooted in contentment and characterized by renunciation, firmly grounded in spiritual knowledge, with a constant orientation toward liberation (apavarga).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instructional setting, Kapila is presenting a doctrinal summary of the renunciant path—describing the inner foundations (contentment, renunciation, knowledge) and the ultimate aim (liberation) that define yati-dharma.