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Shloka 8

Dharma-Pramāṇa-Vicāra: The Elusiveness of Dharma and the Limits of Rule-Lists

मनोबुद्धिपरा भूत: स्वदेहपरदेहवित्‌ । स्वप्लेष्वपि भवत्येष विज्ञाता सुखदु:खयो:

manobuddhiparo bhūtaḥ svadeha-paradeha-vit | svapneṣv api bhavaty eṣa vijñātā sukha-duḥkhayoḥ ||

ਜਦੋਂ ਜੀਵ ਮਨ ਅਤੇ ਬੁੱਧੀ ਦੇ ਅਧੀਨ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਦ ਉਹ ‘ਇਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਸਰੀਰ’ ਅਤੇ ‘ਉਹ ਦੂਜੇ ਦਾ ਸਰੀਰ’ ਦਾ ਭੇਦ ਜਾਣਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਅਤੇ ਸੁਪਨੇ ਦੀ ਅਵਸਥਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ ਉਹ ਸੁਖ-ਦੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਜਾਣਨਹਾਰ ਤੇ ਭੋਗਣਹਾਰ ਸੁਖਮ ਸਰੀਰ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਬਣਦਾ ਹੈ।

मनःmind
मनः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिintellect
बुद्धि:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
परःdependent on / devoted to
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूतःbecome; having become
भूतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभूत (√भू)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वदेहone's own body
स्वदेह:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्व + देह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परदेहanother's body
परदेह:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर + देह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वित्knower
वित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद् (√विद्) + क्विप्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वप्नेषुin dreams
स्वप्नेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वप्न
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अपिeven; also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भवतिis; becomes
भवति:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एषःthis (person)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विज्ञाताcognizer; experiencer; knower
विज्ञाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवि + ज्ञा (√ज्ञा) + तृच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुखदुःखयोःof pleasure and pain
सुखदुःखयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootसुख + दुःख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
J
jīvātman (individual self)
M
manas (mind)
B
buddhi (intellect)
S
svapna (dream-state)
S
sūkṣma-śarīra (subtle body)

Educational Q&A

So long as the self is ruled by mind and intellect, it continues to operate with body-identification and dualistic cognition, and therefore undergoes pleasure and pain even in dreams—implying that inner governance (not merely external circumstances) sustains suffering.

Vyāsa is explaining a psychological-metaphysical point in the Śānti Parva’s instruction: the experiencer (jīva) carries subtle impressions and cognition into the dream-state, where it still ‘knows’ self/other in relation to bodies and thus feels sukha and duḥkha.