Shloka 13
Virūpākṣa’s Dāna and Gautama’s Burden — the approach of Rājadharma
Devanagari script
एष ते भरतश्रेष्ठ नृशंस: परिकीर्तित: । सदा विवर्जनीयो हि पुरुषेण विजानता
Transliteration
eṣa te bharataśreṣṭha nṛśaṁsaḥ parikīrtitaḥ | sadā vivarjanīyo hi puruṣeṇa vijānatā ||
Translation
ਹੇ ਭਰਤ-ਸ਼੍ਰੇਸ਼ਠ! ਤੇਰੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ‘ਨ੍ਰਿਸ਼ੰਸ’ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਦਾ ਇਹੀ ਵਰਣਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਜੋ ਵਿਵੇਕੀ ਹੈ, ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਸਦਾ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਚ ਕੇ ਰਹੇ।
Word by Word
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नृशंसःcruel, ruthless (man)
नृशंसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिकीर्तितःhas been described/declared
परिकीर्तितः:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-कीर्त्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
विवर्जनीयःto be avoided
विवर्जनीयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-वर्ज्
Formअनीय (gerundive), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Obligative (to be avoided)
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पुरुषेणby a man
पुरुषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विजानताby one who knows/understands
विजानता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhishmaB
Bharataśreṣṭha (address to Yudhiṣṭhira)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
A wise and discerning person should recognize cruelty (nṛśaṁsatā) as a moral danger and deliberately avoid association with such a person.
In Bhishma’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira in the Śānti Parva, he concludes a description of the ‘nṛśaṁsa’ type—someone marked by pitiless conduct—and advises constant avoidance of such company.