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Shloka 2

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

भीष्म उवाच शृणु पार्थ यथावृत्तमितिहासं पुरातनम्‌ । गृध्रजम्बुकसंवादं यो वृत्तो नैमिषे पुरा

bhīṣma uvāca: śṛṇu pārtha yathāvṛttam itihāsaṃ purātanam | gṛdhra-jambuka-saṃvādaṃ yo vṛtto naimiṣe purā ||

ਭੀਸ਼ਮ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—ਹੇ ਪਾਰਥ! ਜਿਵੇਂ ਵਾਪਰਿਆ ਸੀ, ਓਹੋ ਜਿਹਾ ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਤੇ ਸੱਚਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਸੁਣ। ਬਹੁਤ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਨੈਮਿਸ਼ਾਰਣ੍ਯ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਿਦੜ ਅਤੇ ਗਿਧ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਜੋ ਸੰਵਾਦ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ, ਉਹ ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਕਥਾ ਸੁਣ।

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
शृणुlisten
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular
पार्थO Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथा-वृत्तम्as it actually happened
यथा-वृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयथा-वृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इतिहासम्story; history
इतिहासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइतिहास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरातनम्ancient
पुरातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरातन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गृध्र-जम्बुक-संवादम्the dialogue of the vulture and the jackal
गृध्र-जम्बुक-संवादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगृध्रजम्बुकसंवाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यःwhich
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृत्तःoccurred; happened
वृत्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नैमिषेin Naimisha (forest/region)
नैमिषे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनैमिष
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पुराformerly; long ago
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
G
Gṛdhra (vulture)
J
Jambuka (jackal)
N
Naimiṣa (Naimiṣāraṇya)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames the coming instruction as a yathāvṛtta itihāsa—an account ‘as it truly happened’—signaling that ethical guidance is to be drawn from a concrete example (a dialogue between animals) rather than abstract theory.

Bhishma addresses Arjuna and introduces an old episode set in Naimiṣa: a conversation between a vulture and a jackal. This verse functions as the opening invitation to hear that instructive dialogue.