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Shloka 33

Jaitrya-nimitta: Signs of Prospective Victory and the Priority of Conciliation (जयलक्षण-निमित्त तथा सान्त्व-प्रधान नीति)

द्वेष्यो भवति भूतानामुग्रो राजा युधिष्ठिर । मृदुमप्यवमन्यन्ते तस्मादुभयमाचरेत्‌

dveṣyo bhavati bhūtānām ugro rājā yudhiṣṭhira | mṛdum apy avamanyante tasmād ubhayam ācaret ||

ਹੇ ਯੁਧਿਸ਼ਠਿਰ! ਕਠੋਰ ਸੁਭਾਵ ਵਾਲਾ ਰਾਜਾ ਸਭ ਜੀਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਨਫ਼ਰਤ ਦਾ ਪਾਤਰ ਬਣਦਾ ਹੈ; ਅਤੇ ਜੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੀ ਨਰਮ ਹੋ ਜਾਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਲੋਕ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਅਵਹੇਲਨਾ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਲਈ ਹਾਲਾਤ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਠੋਰਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਕੋਮਲਤਾ—ਦੋਵੇਂ ਅਪਣਾਉਣੀਆਂ ਚਾਹੀਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।

द्वेष्यःhated, an object of hatred
द्वेष्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वेष्य (द्विष्-धातु से निष्पन्न विशेषण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
उग्रःharsh, fierce
उग्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मृदुम्gentle (one)
मृदुम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अवमन्यन्तेthey disrespect, they slight
अवमन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + मन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
उभयम्both (qualities/ways)
उभयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आचरेत्should practice/should adopt
आचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + चर्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājā (the king/ruler)
B
bhūtāni (living beings/subjects)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must balance severity and gentleness. Excessive harshness breeds hatred among subjects, while excessive softness invites contempt; effective rājadharma requires situational firmness tempered by compassion.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira principles of governance after the war, emphasizing the practical need for a king to combine discipline with kindness to maintain order and respect.