Shloka 30
रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield
Devanagari script
ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा स्वेनानीकेन संवृत:
Transliteration
tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā svenānīkena saṃvṛtaḥ
Translation
ਫਿਰ ਰਾਜਾ ਯੁਧਿਸ਼ਠਿਰ ਆਪਣੀ ਹੀ ਸੈਨਾ-ਟੁਕੜੀ ਨਾਲ ਘਿਰਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ (ਅੱਗੇ ਵਧਿਆ)।
Word by Word
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (तस्मात्/ततः = then, thereafter)
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्वेनby/with his own
स्वेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
अनीकेनarmy, troop, division
अनीकेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
संवृतःsurrounded, encompassed
संवृतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + वृ (धातु) → संवृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत् (क्त)
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
Y
YudhiṣṭhiraS
SanjayaA
anīka (army division/battle-array)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Even in warfare, rightful rule is shown through disciplined order and protective solidarity: the king does not stand as a solitary hero but is upheld by his own well-arranged forces, reflecting responsibility and collective duty.
Sañjaya reports that Yudhiṣṭhira is positioned/advancing while being surrounded by his own military division, indicating a tactical formation and the presence of his supporting troops at this moment in the battle.